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INTRO
- 20th century great struggle for universal suffrage
- 6th Feb 1918 women finally got the vote albeit it was for those over 30 who were householders or married to one
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INTRO
Historian
John Ray - war work proved they deserved it
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IMPACT OF WW1
Britain declared war on the 4th August 1918 - NUWSS suspended campaign
Women worked in munition factories - gratitude and respect
- Granted votes to avoid social revolution. Feared a revitalised Suffragette campaign
- Women aware of influence
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IMPACT OF WW1
historian
AJP Taylor War smoothed the way for democracy
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IMPACT OF WW1
but
vote extended to "respectable" ladies over 30, not the young who worked
war a catalyst but not important
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NUWSS
- peaceful -
- ignored
- too peaceful
- slow
- no spark
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NUWSS
but
- by 1914 membership rose to 53,000
- showed women be trusted
- Persuasive - won over friendly back bench MPS, many accepted the principle
- won over trade unions
- were respected
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WSPU
- militant "deeds not words"
- seen as a nuisance and could not be trusted
- National League of Opposing Womens Suffrage
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WSPU
but
- MASSIVE media attention
- if not for WSPU the Liberal Government not have discussed women's suffrage before WW1
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CHANGING ATTITUDES
- active in public affairs, town councils, school boards
- Pugh "participation in local gov"
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CHANGING ATTITUDES
entering
education/university and becoming lawyers doctors
Infant Custody Act and Married Womens Property Act 1882
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CHANGING ATTITUDES
but
- sexism
- employers still biased
- lacked spark
- progress still slow
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EXAMPLE OF OTHER COUNTRIES
- NZ, Finland, Australia had universal suffrage
- Britain was presenting itself as "mother of democracy"
- October 1917 Communist revolution in Russia - desire to strengthen parliamentary democracy
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EXAMPLE OF OTHER COUNTRIES
but
- without other factors it had little effect
- not completely influenced by the actions of other countries
- Britain still leading industrially
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