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LaurenCamp29
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Any change in the inherited characteristics over a long period of time
Evolution
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Who is the "Father of Evolution"?
Charles Darwin
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Where did Charles Darwin find his animals that he studied on?
Galapagos Islands
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What did Charles Darwin use as evidence for evolution?
Finches
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What is the only thing that varies about Finches?
Their beaks
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What was the name of the last Galapagos Tortoise?
Lonesome George
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He studied that organisms produce more offspring than can survive.Famine, disease, and poverty is a way of controlling the population
Thomas Malthus
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He studied that species change due to the changing of the earth's surface.
Charles Lyell
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What is the Theory of Inherited Characteristics?
Organisms can change during their lifetimes by selectively using or not using various parts of their bodies and they could pass these acquired traits onto their offspring.
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What is an example of Theory of Inherited Characteristics?
Giraffes could stretch their necks to reach higher leaves so the offspring will have slightly long necks than the parents.
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Who came up with the Theory of Inherited Characteristics?
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
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What was Darwin's theory?
- Natural Selection:
- That organisms with traits best suited for their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
- ("Survival of the Fittest")
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An inherited trait that makes an individual different from members of its own species
Variation
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What is an example of Variation?
Adaptation
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What is an example of an Adaptation?
Camouflage
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Any variation that makes an organism better suited for its environment
Adaptation
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What were the 3 similarities of the Finches?
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What were the differences of the Finches?
Their beaks
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What were the short beaks used for?
Eating nuts
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What were the Long Slender beaks used for?
Eat insects
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What were the Medium beaks for?
Eating both nuts and insects
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Finches evolved by their...
Eating habits
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What were the 4 species of animals that are indigenous to the Galapagos Islands?
- Galapagos Tortoise
- Flightless Comorant
- Galapagos Fur Seal
- Galapagos penguin
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Where are the Galapagos islands?
Central and South America
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How did the Galapagos Islands get to South and Central America?
Volcanoes
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What were the 6 pieces of Evidence of Evolution?
- Fossils
- Embryology
- Homologous Structures
- Vestigial Structures
- Analogous Structures
- DNA
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What are Fossils?
The remains of a previous orangisms
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What is Embryology?
Study of embryos and their development
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What are Homologous Structures?
Body parts that are similar in Structure and Function
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What are Vestigial Structures?
Structures in the body that do not have a function, but once did
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What are Analogous Structures?
Structures that are similar in function, but different in structure.
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How is DNA evidence?
The closer the DNA is between the 2 organisms, indicates common ancestry
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What is an example of Fossils?
Bones
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What is an example of Embryology?
Gill slits and tails
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What is example of Homologous Structures?
Dolphin and Seal's fins for swimming
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What is example of Vestigial Structures?
Appendix in Humans
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What is example of Analogous Structures?
The wing of a fly is made out of Chitin and a bird's wing is made out of bones and feathers, but they are both made for flying.
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What is an example of DNA?
Dogs and bears have similar DNA, so they are ancestors
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Name and Describe 3 Traits all Primates have?
- Opposable Thumbs:
- Allows tree dwelling primates to grasp branches
- Binocular vision:
- Enables the organism to judge depth
- Rotating Forelimbs:
- Allows organisms to move from tree to tree
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What are the 2 groups of Primates?
Prosimians and Anthropoids
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What 2 examples of Prosimians?
Lemurs and Tarsiers
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What are 4 examples of Anthropoids?
Monkeys, Humans, Hominids, and Apes.
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What are 6 traits that made Hominids different from other primates?
- Ate meat and plants
- Reduced canines
- Large Molars
- Bipedal or walking on 2 legs
- Larger Brain Capacity
- Human Like
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What does Ramid mean?
Root
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The first hominids?
Ardipithecus Ramidus
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How long ago did the Ardipithecus Ramidus live?
4 Mya
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Australopithicus means?
Southern Ape
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Where did Australopithecus live?
South Africa
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How was Lucy named by Scientists?
The Beatles Song "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds"
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Was Australopithecus an ancestor of the modern humans?
No
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What was human like about the Ardipithecus?
Their teeth
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What was human-like about the Australopithecus?
Their skull
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What was the brain capacity of the Ardipithecus Ramidus?
375-500 cc
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How long ago did the Australopithecus live?
3.5 mya
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What is the brain size of the Australopithecus?
430 cc
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Could the Australopithecus walk upright?
Yes
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What does Homo Habilis mean?
Handy man
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How long ago did the Homo Habilis live?
2 mya
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Brain size of the Homo Habilis?
700-800 cc
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What does Homo Erectus mean?
Upright man
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Where did the Homo Erectus live?
Africa and Asia
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The Homo Erectus were the first to do what 2 things?
Migrate and control fire
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Why were Homo Erectus thought to be an ancestor of humans?
Their large brain and human like appearance
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What was the brain size of the Homo Erectus?
1000 cc
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When did the humans evolve?
400,000 years ago
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What are the 2 types of humans?
Neanderthals and Cro-Magnon
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Where did the Homo Neanderthalensis live?
Europe
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Describe the body of the Neanderthals
Short, stocky, big bones, and muscles
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What was the brain size of Neanderthals?
1600 cc
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What does Homo Sapien-Cro Magnon mean?
Wise man
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What tools did the Cro-Magnon use?
Bow, arrow, and fishing hook
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What were the Cro-Magnons known for?
Their artwork on the cave walls
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What were the Cro-Magnons the first to do?
Bury their dead
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What did Cro-magnons use as a fridge?
Permafrost
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What was the Cro-Magnons brain size?
1000 cc
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What does Indigenous mean?
Native born
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