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Name and fully describe two of the five universal axioms of communication.
- 1. You cannot NOT communicate.
- Because we are sending messages non-verbally at all times, it is impossible to not communicate
- 2. Communication is culture-specific.
- Every culture has unique ways of communicating.
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Describe why communication is referred to as “transactional”
Communication is transactional because it is a continuous flow of shared meaning. Senders are receiving and receivers are sending equally.
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List the three “ego states” in which either or both sender and receiver may be in communication interaction as explained by
the theory of Transactional Analysis
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Describe the difference between public speaking and mass communication
- Public speaking:
- - occurs when one person speaks face to face with a live audience. (at least 15 ppl)
- - audience can consist of a small number of people, or hundreds, or thousands.
- - Communication is more formal and deliberate with organized thoughts
- Mass communication:
- - Involves a sender transmitting a message
- - Often hundreds of thousands to billions of people who cannot be gathered in one place
- - Does not have to be a live audience
- - Method of communication can take any medium
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Name the three stages of perception
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1. Stimulation
- 2. Organization
- 3. Interpretation/Evaluation
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Name and describe three organizational schemata (pockets of knowledge) into
which your brain organizes information from a stimulus before your brain interprets
the stimulus (9 pts.)
- Cultural Schemata
: based on your ethnic- heritage and your familial experiences.
- It is common for people to shake hands in the US when greeting eachother, in Asia it
- is common to bow.
- Situation Schemata: refer to the appropriateness of a behavior in a given context.
- Are public displays of affection appropriate in the church?
- State Schemata: an individual’s physical or
- emotional conditions.
- If you notice a person is grumpy you may wait to ask him a favor.
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Define the “halo effect”
The “halo effect” is the process of inferring additional positive qualities to someone based on a known positive quality. When you like somebody, you will generally see the things they do as positive.
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Name and describe three influences (filters) on your perception of a communication event
Personal experiences: personal experiences shape how we perceive communication. If you have gone through an event, then you will see others in a similar event differently. (homelessness)
- Third-party influences: our friends, family,
- instructors, and the media, has a huge impact on how we perceive and view
- communication
- Physical conditions: our actual physical
- comfort level can determine what aspects around us we will focus on. If a classroom is hot and miserable, students are less likely to pay attention to the teacher.
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Identify and describe two functions of language
- Send messages about communicators: our
- vocabulary reveals aspects about our educational background, our age, and even what part of the country we are from.
- Strengthen social bonds: people socialize
- through communication. It also serves as a social function when spoken in unison, i.e. the pledge of allegiance.
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Describe the difference in supportive and defensive communication behavior
Supportive communication: communication is likely to be positive and communicators feel comfortable communicating freely. (“I feel like”)
Defensive Communication: communication is likely to be negative and communicators do not feel comfortable communicating freely. (“You are soo”)
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Write one example (dialogue) each of a supportive and defensive communication behavior. Define the type of each you write by labeling each “supportive” or “defensive"
- Defensive message:
- You always call me down for using my knife! You treat me like I am an irresponsible and ignorant child who does not know how to use a knife safely. You don’t even know what the law says about carrying a pocket knife! Who are you to call me down and tell me what to do?
- You have no reason to be embarrassed or feel uncomfortable when I use a knife.
- If other people don’t know what the law is then that is their problem…not
- yours!
- Supportive message:
- Kendra, when you call me down or get upset with me for carrying and using my pocket
- knife I get frustrated because I feel like you are treating me like a child. I am not saying that you are actually calling me a child but it is how it makes me feel. I feel like you think I am irresponsible and unsafe when using my knife. I feel like you are embarrassed by my actions or that you think I am doing something illegal. I do not plan to stop carrying a pocket knife so I would like to understand what your thoughts
- and concerns are about pocket knives.
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Name and describe two types of nonverbal communication
Proxemics: The use of space to communicate. The levels of distance range from intimate, personal, social, and public. (Each persons personal bubble)
- Artifacts: objects that convey information about us. We litter our environment with
- artifacts that communicate about our personality and likes. (the kind of car you drive/how you decorate your home/personal items you display)
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Name three functions of nonverbal communication
- Substitution
- Indicate a Relationship
- Reinforcement
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Describe two of the three functions of nonverbal communication you listed in question #12
- Indicate a Relationship: Using nonverbal to
- signify a relationship. Wedding rings symbolize marriage. Holding hands,
- kissing, and hugging indicates the nature of your relationship with someone.
- Reinforcement: nonverbal can reinforce
- verbal messages. If you are angry, you might use tone of voice and volume in
- addition to pounding your fist on a table to reinforce your angry verbal words.
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