1.What is the chief reason people choose the foods they eat?
Convenience
2.All of the following are results of making poor food choices except
when made over just a single day, they exert great harm to your health.
3.A person who eats a bowl of oatmeal for breakfast every day would be displaying a food choice most likely based on
Habit
4. The development of chronic diseases has a connection to poor diet and:
can be reduced by food choices along with lifestyle choices
5. Which of the following is not one of the six classes of nutrients
fiber
6.which of the following is an example of macronutrient
protein
7. which of the following is an organic compound
vitamin c
which of the following is characteristic of an essential nutrient
cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body
gram for gram, which of the following provides the most energy
fats
what is the meaning of a double-blind experiment
neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in control or experimental group
what is the amdr for fat?
20-35%
the source of valid nutrition information is
scientific journals
The term ______ has no legal definition but is often used in food labels to imply wholesomeness
Natural
A study conducted in several countries where a high intake of fish and low intake of animal fat were correlated with low rate of breats cancer...
epidemiological study
data from a national survey showed that on a given day almost 2/3's of our population consume inadequate
fruits
Foods that ahve been subjected to any process such as addition of additives, milling, or cooking are called ___ foods
processed
of the 10 leading causes of death in the united states, __ are related to nutrition and 1 to alcohol consumption
4
which of the following terms was coined in an identified foods that might lend protection against chronic diseases by way of the nutrients or nonnutrients they contain
functional foods
nutrition-related health objectives for the nation have been published by the
department of health and human services
the credential "r.d" displayed by dietitian's name indicates registration with
the american dietetic association.
The dietary reference intakes (DRI) are appropriately used for all the following except
estimation the nutrient needs of persons with medical problems
the 2010 dietary guidelines encourage americans to consume less
added sugars
the percentages of the daily values on food packages are given in terms of a person requiring ____ calories each day
2000
which of the following groups is de-emphasized in the SUDA myplate food guide
meats
the dietary guidelines for Americans are intended for healthy adults and children ages ______ and
two
If vitamin C has been added to cranberry juice, the label must include
A and B
The nutrition facts panel on a food label lists the following information for amounts per serving 111; 23 calories from fat. What percentage of the calores are provided by fat?
21
when referring to the DRI recommended intakes, it is important to remember that
they are based on the latest available scientific research
converned about the toxic effects of added nutrients in fortified foods and supplements, when eaten in addition to staple foods, scientists established the ____
Tolerable upper intake levels (UL)
what are the ABCDMV principles of diet planning
Adequacy, balance, kcolorie control, nutrient density, moderation, and variety
which of the following establishes population-wide average requriements used by nutrition policymakers?
estimated average requirements
which of the following foods is exempt from listing ingredients on the label?
none of the above
any food providing 10% or more of the daily value for a nutrient is considered to be a _____ source of the nutrient
good
providing enough, but not an excess, of a food is a diet-planning principle known as
moderation
the primary difference between recommendation for nutrient intakes and values set for energy intake is that the value for energy intake is not generous
true
The absence of a tolerable upper intake level for a nutrient implies that it is a safe to consume in any amount
false
A major guideline for healthy people is to limit calorie intakes and obtain more and varied selections of
all of the above
as more research is showing the possible benefits of phytochemicals for health, the best way to approach consuming them in your diet is to
include a variety of fruits and vegetables containing phytochemicals in your diet
the DRI committee recommended a diet that contains ________% its calories from carbohydrates
40-65%
amounts of which types of lipids must be listed on food labels
B and C
by definition a vitamin is all of the following except
a non-essential nutrient
true statements concerning the water-soluble vitamins include
They are easily excreted in the urine; they can be leached out of foods by cooking in water
all of the following are fat-soluble vitamins except
C
vitamin A plays an important role in
maintenance of body linings and reproduction
The vitamin D deficiency disease in adults is known as
osteomalacia
vitamin E serves as an antioxidant
A non-food source from which vitamin K can be obtained is
intestinal bacteria
The B vitamins act as part of
coenzymes
which of the following B vitamins is especially important for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects
folate
an uninformed strict vegetarian is at special risk for ___ deficiency
vitamin B12
which of the following is not one of the functions of vitamin C
maintains Bone density
a women who is on a low carb diet for weight loss may be difficulty maintaining adequate level of the B vitamins, what foods avoided in her diet are most likely to cause this?
grain foods and cereals
which of the following is the most potentially toxic of all vitamins
D
of the following commonly eaten foods, which makes the greatest contribution to riboflavin intake?
milk
which of the following would provide the ighest amount of vitamin E
wheat germ oil
a person who shuns dairy and spends most of her time indoors would likely benefit from a supplement of
vitamin D
what is one symptom of a beta-carotene toxicity
bright yellow skin
the USP symbol on the label of a vitamin supplement means that
A and C
the active form of vitamin A stored in the liver is
retinol
what is the body's most indispensable nutrient
Water
Which of the following is not a function of water in the body
source of energy
what is the major intracellular electrolyte
potassium
over half of the body's magnesium is stored in the bones
the best source of phosphorus is
animal protein
chromium works closesly with
insulin
when trying to get adequate iron intake in your diet it is helpful to
combine vitamin C foods with non-heme iron to increase absorption
which of the following makes up about 60 percent of the body's weight
water
which of the following minerals hardens and stabilizes the crystals of teeth and makes the enamel resistant to decay
fluroide
which of the following foods provides iron in the most absorbable form?
hamburger
deficiency of which of the following minerals is associated with retarded growth and sexual development in children
zinc
what mineral is critical to the synthesis of thyroxine
iodine
which of the following nutrients has functions similar to those of vitamin E
selenium
bone strength in later life depends on:
the formation of dense bones during youth
copper is an essential nutrient because of its role in
helping to form hemoglobin and collagen
the principal food source of chloride is
salt
sulfate is adequate in a diet that containse sufficient
protein
if a person has a deficient intake of calcium in the diet, what will be the result?
no change in levels of calcium in the blood because calcium will be pulled from the bones
which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body
calcium
which of the following statements about selinium levels int he body is accurate
selenium works as an antioxidant to protect body chemicals from oxidative damage
the pyschological desire to eat is referred to as
appetite
all of the following are involved in signaling satiation except
the heart
waist circumference reflects the degree of _____ in proportion to body fatness
visceral fatness
a body mass index of 25 to 29.9 in an adult indicates
overweight
excess fat around the ___ represents a greater risk to health than excess fat elsewhere on the body
central abdominal area
a woman of normal weight may have, on the average, ___ percent of the body weight as fat
20
one pound of body fat is equal to ____ calories
3500
quick, large changes in weight are most likely the result of all the following except
changes in fat
About ____ percent of a meal's energy vlaue is used up in stepped- up metabolism in the five or so housrs following each meal
10
hunger makes itself known roughly ____ hours after eating
4-6
a very-low-carb diet may be accompanied by
ketosis
all of the following factors are associated with a higher basal metabolic rate except
starvation
which of the following types of foods sustain satiety longer than other foods?
a and B
a high risk of weight-related health problems is seen in women whose waist circumfrernce begins to exceed 35 inches
a person who exhibits a physiological need to eat is most likely experienceing the sensation of
hunger
the major cause of insulin resistance is related to
excess body weight
what is the approximate value for the termic effect of a 2500-kcalorie diet
250 kcal
body mass index is unsuitable for use with
b and C
after the first day or so of fasting, which of the following is most depleted in the body?
glycogen
an effective method for losing weight would be to
keep records of your food intake and exercise to spot trends
in the early minutes of an activity, ___ provides the majority of energy the muscles use to go into action
muscle glycogen
a person who continues exercising moderately for longer than ____ minutes begin to use less glucose and more fat for fuel
20
strategies which help endurance atheletes maintain their blood glucose concentration for as long as they can include
a and b
the first symptoms of dehydration (besides thirst) is
fatigue
during most exercise the optimal beverage for replacing fluids is
cool water
moderate use of caffein by athletes
may assist performance
protein contributes an average of about ____ percent of the total fuel used during activity and during rest
10
recommended grams protein per kilogram of body ewight each day of an endurance athlete is:
1.2-1.4
sports drinks offer so advantages over water for atheles who
need to replenish electrolytes
which of the following are most prone to iron deficiency
a and b
iron deficiency anemia impairs physical performance because iron helps deliver the muscles oxygen
true
glycogen depletion occurs after about ___ hours of vigourous activity
two
athletes can safely add muscle tissue by
putting a demand on muscles by making them work harder
when a marathon runner experiences the phenomenon known as hitting the wall, what nutrient is most likely dpeleted
glucose
a benefit of cardiorespiratory endurance training is that:
the heart muscle grows larger and stronger
active people do not need extra fluid in cold weather
false
an endurance athlete can lose ____ of fluid an hour
1.5 quarts
anaerobic glucose breakdown produces a compound called ____ that accumulates in the tissues and blood
lactate
muscle growth is stimulated by
physically demanding activity
carbonated beverages are not a good choice for meeting an athlete's fluid needs because the
make a person feel full quickly and may limit fluid intake
a low-birthweight baby is defined as one who weighs less than 5 1/2 pounds
true
a low birthweight baby is nearly 40x more likely to die in the first year of life than is a normal-weigh baby
true
a nonpregnant woman requires 1600 calores per day to maintain her desirable body weight. how many calories per day would she need if she were in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy
2050
a nonpregnant woman requires 46 grams of protein per day. how many grams per day would she need if she became pregnant?
71
at eight weeks of development the fetus is characterized by
a and C
a pregnancy weight gain of ___ pounds is recommended for women who are at their appropriate weights
25-35
a woman who craves nonnutrition substances during pregnancy
a and B
a woman who has just become pregnant is used to drinking 2 pots of coffee a day. what adjustments should she make in her caffeine consumption
she should limit coffee consumption to one coffee cup a day
all pregnant women need generous amounts of ____ to spare their protein and to provide energy
carbohydrate
an advantage for the mother of breastfeeding her infant would be:
conserving her iron stores for serveral months
folate fortification has lowered the number of neural tube defects that occur each year
true
most babies are born with enough____ to last about half a year
iron
a nursing mother produces about ___ ounces of milk a day
25
when compared to formula, breast milk offers the following protection against infections and allergies
breast milk contains antibodies against diarrhea caused by a rotavirus
if you want to make your own baby foods at home it is best to: puree a small amount of cooked food before seasons have been added
the addition of foods to a baby's diet should be governed by alll of the consideration except
how often the baby cries
it is desirable to begin feeding the infant iron-fortified cereals by about _____ months
six
which of the following should be introduced first when feeding a baby?
rice cereal
prenatal exposure to alcohol can result in which of the following fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in children?
mood disorders and problem behaviors diagnosed in preschool years
risk factors are gestational diabetes include all of the following except
low BMI before pregnancy
which of the following defines nursing bottle tooth decay
marked tooth decay of an infant due to prolonged exposure to carbohydrate-rich fluids from a bottle
a child's appetite fluctuates after the age of
one year
a child who drinks a lot of milk a tthe expense of other foods is at high risk of showing signs of
anemia
a six-ear-old child needs approximately _____ calories a day
1600
at mealtimes the best way to be sure children are receiving nutritional adequacy from the foods they eat is to
allow them to select from nutritious foods you have prepared for the family
hyperactivity in a boy in kindergardent who cannot concentrate on his school work can be controlled by
making sure he has regular mealtimes
in boys, the adolescent growth spurt peeks at
14
school lunches are designed to provide at least _____ of the recommended intake for certain nutrients
one-third
the best way to introduce new foods into toddler's diet is to
introduce them at the beginning of the meal when the child is hungry
the single most effective way to teach nutrition to children is by
example
the life-threatening food allergy reaction of anaphylactic shock is most often caused by
eggs, peanuts, and milk
which of the following is always a component of allergies
antibodies
which of the following worsens acne?
stress
absorption of ____ apears to increase with aging
vitamin A
after the age of 50, the intake recommendation for energy assumes a ____ percent reduction in engergy output per decade
5
older adults should drink at least ___ cups of fluid a day to provide needed water
6
what nutrition practice can reduce the effects of arthritis
antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil can reduce inflmmation in joints
television food ads have positive effects on children's nutrition
false
a principal reason that congregate meals are preferable to meals on wheels is that
there are more social benefits to congregate meals