What did the armor of the ancient Greeks consist of?
a shield, a helmet, a breastplate, greaves, a sword, a spear, and a tunic
Describe the formation of the phalanx
Hoplites were organized in rows typically about eight ranks deep. This formation stretched abreast for about a mile, give or take. The strategos or commanding general took place in the front at the right - the most exposed place in the army.
What is the most exposed part of the phalanx?
The front right
How many ranks deep was the phalanx?
8
About how long was the phalanx?
About a mile
What was a hoplite's defining piece of equipment?
the shield
Describe a hoplite's shield
A convex piece of woof that went down to the knees
What was the bronze plate made of?
A thick bronze (so heavy that it would not be put on until the moment of the battle came)
How often did the ancient Greek olympics occur?
Every four years
Around when did the Ancient Greek olympics start?
Around 776 BCE
Why were the Ancient Olympics held?
To honor Zeus
Where did the Ancient Olympics occur?
In Olympia
What did the Ancient Olympics do for Greece?
It united it
Where did ancient Greek Olympic athletes train and get education?
At a gymnasium
From what did athletes come from?
wealthy families
Athletes for the Ancient Greek Olympics had to be what three things?
Male, Greek, and free
What happened on day one of the Olympics?
Had to take the Olympic oath
What happened on day 2 of the olympics?
Horse events (four horse chariot race) and the Pentathlon (sprint, discus, javelin, long jump, and wrestling)
What happened on day 3 of the Olympics?
Day of sacrifices
What happened on day 4 of the Olympics?
Running races, boxing, wrestling, and pankration
What happened on days 5 and 6 of the Olympics?
Honor the athletes
How many winners were there per Olympic event?
One
What did the winner of the Olympics receive?
A wreath
Olympic figures became important in their town or city and received a statue, however there was no what?
Financial gain
How long did the Ancient Greece games last?
about 1,000 years until 393 BCE
When and where did the modern Olympics begin?
1896 in Athens
What was dedicated to a particular god or goddess?
A temple
What was a central place of formal gatherings in Greece?
The theater. It also staged tragedies, comedies, poetry, and musical events
Where did athletic events that provided the opportunity for all of the city-sates of Greece to gather and strengthen their bonds through competition occur?
Stadiums
As Greek society developed to become more what, there was no need to build what for the leaders during the ancient Greek times?
democratic, palaces
What temple was dedicated to Athena? What was the function of the temple?
The Parthenon, shelter the gold and ivory statue of Athena
How many rows did the Delian theater have?
35
how many spectators could be in the Delian theater?
5,000
What happened in the Delian Theater?
Plays, poetry readings, and musical events during festivals
how many people could be in the delphi stadium?
6,500
What was held at the Delphi stadium?
Athletic events and music festivals
What kind of government did Athens have?
A direct democracy
Athens claims to be what
The "birthplace of democracy"
How many people were in the Athenian assembly?
ten generals, magistrates, and others
The council of 500 was responsible for what?
Administering decisions made by the Assembly
Who was allowed to attend all Athenian meetings? Where did they meet?
Everyone, on the Hill of the Pnyx at the foot of the Acropolis
Citizens were paid for jury service so who could participate?
The poor
Who did not participate in the political life of Athenians?
Women
In Athens, freemen were all what?
male citizens
Hierarchy of Athens
aristocrats with large estates, small farmers, and thetes (urban craftsmen and trieme rowers)
Who were Metics? (Athens)
People who came from outside the city, but could not own land
Athens had a strong what?
Navy
What were the values of Athens?
Citizens and participation
What was education like for Athenians?
Boys were educated in reading, math, writing, music, poetry sports, and gymnastics
What was the role of women in Athens?
No participation in sports or politics
What were some Athenian achievements?
Art, architecture, drama, literature, philosophy, science, medicine, and government (by democracy and trial by jury)
What kind of foods and houses did Athenians have?
luxury foods from around the empire, wealthy Athenian homes had inner courtyards
What kind of government did Sparta have?
Oligarchy
Sparta had how many kings who were generals in command of the armies with some religious duties.
Two
How many overseers (ephors) elected annually ran the day-to-day operations of Sparta?
Five
What was Apella? (Sparta)
A council that consisted of 28 men and two kings. They acted as judges and proposed laws to the assemblies
How old did a Spartan man have to be to approve or veto the council's recommendation?
30 years old
How did men in Sparta's assembly approve or veto the council's recommendation?
by shouting them out
What was the womens' role in the political life of Sparta?
They did not participate
What was Sparta's military like?
A strong army, the best and most feared fighters in the land
What were the values of Sparta?
Militaristic values
What was education like for Spartan boys?
At age seven they were trained for military
What was education like for Spartan girls?
They were educated at age seven for reading, writing, gymnastics, athletics, and survival skills
What was the role of women in Sparta?
They were educated in reading, writing, gymnastics, athletics, and survival skills
What were some achievements of the Spartans?
A military supremacy and a simple lifestyle
What was Spartan food like?
Broth with pork, blood, salt, and vinegar. They were trained to dislike the taste of luxury food
Ancient Athens governed a small or a large area?
A small
Athens had (direct/indirect) participation in assemblies and lawmaking
direct
A (small/large) number of citizens had a role in Athenian government
small
Direct democracy works well in (small/large) communities because the citizens have to be educated.
Small
Only who were able to participate in Athenian government?
Men
An indirect democracy governs a (small/large) area
Large
In indirect democracy, do citizens elect representatives for assemblies and lawmaking, or do they have direct participation in assemblies and lawmaking?
citizens elect representatives for assemblies and lawmaking
Indirect democracy works best in (small/large) areas - representatives have to be knowledgable
large
Both who and who are allowed to participate in indirect democracy?
Men and women
How did Spartan soldiers get their food?
By stealing
What would happen to a Spartan if they were caught stealing, why, and why?
They would be beaten for clumsy stealing. Spartans thought that if the stealers were bought for clumsy stealing, they would learn better techniques in the future.
On what island did he Minoans build their brilliant early civilization?
On Crete
Since the success of the Minoans depended on trade, what did the acquire through their contacts with Egypt and Mesopotamia?
Through their contacts with Egypt and Mesopotamia, the Minoans acquired new ideas and technology
Around 1400 BCE, the Minoan civilization mysteriously disappeared. What are three possible reasons for the collapse of the Minoan civilization?
A volcanic eruption, an earthquake, or a tidal wave/tsunami may have possibly caused the collapse of the Minoan civilization as well as possibly invaders
In Greek mythology, the Minotaur was a creature with the head of a bull on the body of a man ('part man, part bull'). Tell his 'story.'
He lived at the center of a labyrinth (maze) on the island of Crete which was built for King Minos and designed to hold the Minotaur. The Minotaur was eventually killed by Theseus, the son of Aegeus, king of Sparta.
Greece is part of the what peninsula?
The Balkan peninsula
What divides the Balkan peninsula into isolated valleys?
Mountains
How much of Greece is covered by mountains?
three fourths
What is the highest mountain in Greece?
Mount Olympus
How many rocky islands were of of the Balkan peninsula?
hundreds
True or false: Greece did not create a large empire but instead built many small city-states
True
The individualism of all of the city-states of Greece led to what?
Endless rivalry and frequent wars
What was a vital link to the world outside of Greece?
The seas
What sea neighboring the Ionian and Black seas united the Greek people?
Aegean Sea
What provided safe harbors for ships?
Bays
What did the people in the Mediterranean area become?
skilled sailors, carrying cargoes of olive oil, wine, and marble
When people returned from the Mediterranean, what did they return with?
Not only grains and metals, but with ideas which they adapted to their own needs (like the alphabet)
What happened after the Persian Wars?
A golden age for the polis (city-state) of Athens
Under the statesman who, what happened?
Pericles, economy thrived and the government became more democratic
The Golden Age is also referred to as what?
The Age of Pericles
From when to when did the Golden Age occur?
From 460 BCE to 429 BCE
What kind of government did Athens have?
A direct democracy
In direct democracy, does a large or a small number of citizens take direct part in the day-to-day affairs of government?
Large
How is the government set up today?
Today, citizens participate indirectly through elected representatives
In the Assembly, how many members met several times a month to decide on important issues?
6,000 members
What did the Athenians think about certain men partaking in government?
They believed all male citizens, regardless of wealth or class, should take part in government.
What is a jury?
A panel of citizens who have the authority to make the final judgement in a trial
How many jurors are in the modern American jury?
12
How many members were in the Athenian jury?
Hundreds or even thousands of members
What were the qualifications to serving as a juror in Athens?
A male citizen over 30 years of age, has to serve for a whole year
In Athens, they hired the best architects and sculptors to rebuild the what?
The Parthenon
What did Greece contribute to?
Architecture, art, literature, philosophy, and history
What is an oration?
A formal speech
What was the agora?
A marketplace or a gathering place where people would go to talk about politics an barter for food, clothing, and valuable items
What is a civil war?
A war between neighboring cities/towns
What is a strait?
A narrow channel of water
What is a fresco?
An artistic piece of art
What is an epic?
A long story telling of the deeds of the main character
What is an alliance?
An agreement between two towns, states, etc. for peace
What is a government?
The laws and how the city follows them (ish)
What is a phalanx?
The formation of hoplites typically 8 ranks deep and a mile wide
What is aristocracy?
more powerful and richer than most, usually born into upper class status
What is oligarchy?
Rule by the few
Author
veiwsonic2
ID
220436
Card Set
Seventh Grade Social Studies Ancient Greece Chapter Test
