-
- author "me"
- tags "ARE exams"
- description "PPP exam"
- fileName "PPP 1"
- freezingBlueDBID -1.0
- Process of design
- 1) statement of problem
- 2) collection of data
- 3) analysis of data
- 4) program
- 5) design concepts
- 6) design development
- 7) construction documents
-
Design aspects
- 1) circulation
- 2) health
- 3) adaptive
- 4) cost
-
Linear pattern
- - single spine having one principal location
- - limited by development of land
- - useful where major circulation occurs between two points
- - if length is reasonable, it can be economical form but lacks a focus and may become congested
-
Axial pattern
- - variation of linear pattern
- - central axis, spine or mall around which structures are arranged
- - allow for incremental development with relative ease and minor disruption however may become extended
-
Radial pattern
- - consists of central core
- - appropriate when elements have common origin or destination
- - somewhat inflexible
- - compact and allows max of social interaction
-
Grid pattern
- - emphasis on flexibility
- - simple, convenient, compact and suited for complex distribution flows
- - can become monotonous unless it has several points of focus such as public spaces or buildings
-
Precinctual pattern
- - dispersed activities which may or may not have central focus
- - allow growth development in any direction
- - flexible, compact, efficient, often quit economical
-
Determinants of form
- - site-structure relationship
- - site-form relationship
- - vegetation
- - climate
- - structure
- - mechanical systems
- - materials
- - traditional form
- - function
- - cultural association
- - scale
- - proportion
- - massing and profile
- - hierarchy
-
Programming process
- 1) establish objectives
- 2) collect data
- 3) formulate relationships
- 4) establish priorities
- 5) program statement
-
Cities are...
- Noisier
- Drier
- Dustier
- More polluted
- Also wetter- more rain, clouds, fog
- More glare
-
Comfort zone
- Winter: 63-71 degrees farinheit
- Summer: 66-75 degrees fairnheit
- Within 30 to 60% humidity
-
Doubling distance between the source and receiver diminishes sound level by
Six decibels
-
Sound intensity decreases in proportion to square of the distance from point source, doubling the distance reduces sound to-
-To one quarter
-
Pro-forma
Financial analysis of a building project, which involves cost and return on investment
-
Cost of money
Principal and interest payments
-
Debt ceiling
Total debt a municipality may incur
-
Design/Award/ Build
- Owner participation
- Well-established construction costs based upon relatively completed documents
- Requires extended time period for design and documentation before final costs can be determined and construction can begin
-
Construction Management delivery method
- Owner can determine costs before CDs are completed
- Allows for parts of construction to start before drawings are done
- Added cost to hire CM
-
Design/build delivery method
- Single source of responsibility
- Allows owner to select from a number of submitted designs
- Reliable cost is determined early
- Facilitates fast-track design
-
Requirements for smokeproof enclosure is determined by
Total height
-
Poor drainage is indicated by
- Existing high water table
- Relatively flat site
- No storm drainage system
-
General overhead cost
- Advertising
- Automobile
- Consulting fees
- Entertainment
- Furniture
- Heat
- Insurance
- Interest
- Legal expenses
- rent
- Salaries
- Stationery
- Supplies
- Taxes
- Telephone
- Travel
- Utilities
- Wages (staff)
-
Project overhead costs
- Bonds
- Equipment storage
- Heat/air conditioning
- Insurance
- Interest
- Light, power, water
- Office maintenance
- Permits
- Project office
- Project telephone
- Sanitary facilities
- Security
- Stationery and supplies
- Taxes
- Temporary enclosures
- Temporary walks and stairs
- Transportation
- Trash removal
-
General insurance
- Fire
- Owner's contingencies
- Property damage
- Public liability
- Windstorm
- Workers compensation
-
Misc insurance
- Automobile
- Boiler
- Earthquake
- Flood
- Forgery
- Payroll
- Plate glass
- Rain
- Theft
- Vehicle
- Wind
-
Survey Baseline
Parallel (line that follows latitudes of earth) used as the basis for the east-west layout of the US Survey system
-
Metes-and-bounds
Verbal description of land that begins at a known point and describes the bearing and length of each side of the property until the point of the beginning is reached
-
Albedo
How much radiant energy that is reflected by a surface where 0 is flat black and 1 is a mirror
-
Mothballing
Term used in historic preservation when you designate certain areas to be repaired or restored at a later date, under a later contract
-
Secretary of Interior's Standard for Rehabilitation
- Allow for new additions /alterations to be different from the older structure, but must be complementary in massing, size, scale and architectural features
- Criteria must be met if Federal Tax Credit will be used
- Takes precedence over state/local regulations
- Clients may discover historical significance during site analysis. Archeological activity and proper handling of structures /artifacts must take place
-
Anthropomorphic
Relating to human characteristics
-
Fathom
Measure of spread of arms
-
Density required for public transit to be effective/efficient
30 people per acre or 1 person per 1,452sf
-
Primary social interactions
Intimate social interactions where person develops as an individual. Friends and family are in this cluster.
-
Secondary social interactions
Less intimate and more specialized where person finds and develops their place in society. Work friends, hobby groups, clubs are in this cluster.
-
Chrysotile
White asbestos, accounts for 95% of asbestos found
-
-
Crocidolite
blue asbestos
-
R-value
Measure of thermal resistance in a component (U-value=1/R-value) can typically the opposite of a u-value.
-
U-factor
Measure of heat transmission where a low u-value has a slow heat loss or gain (brick wall) and a high u-value has a rapid heat loss or gain
-
National Park Service Standards for Preservation
Use a property as it was historically intended to or maximize the rendition of distinctive materials, features, spaces, and spatial relationships if there is change
-
Btu
The abbreviation for British Thermal unit, a unit of heat energy, which is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit.
-
General conditions
Part of the contract documents which states the rights, responsibilities and relationships of the parties involved (owner/arch/consultant/contractor/sub/vendor)
-
Supplementary general conditions
Additional conditions, included in the project manual, that are used to modify the General Conditions of the contract in order to allow for any specific legal, climatic, or site conditions of a project
-
Special conditions
Additional to supplementary conditions. Usually requested by government or local building agencies. Used when supplementary needs to be further extended.
-
General requirements
Defines specific procedures that a contractor must follow
-
Land assessment methods
- 1) income approach
- 2) market approach
- 3) cost approach
-
Behavior settings
Particular place, with definable boundaries and objects within the place, in which a standing pattern of behavior occurs at a particular time
-
Proxemics
A term coined by Edward T. Hall used to describe the study of spatial requirements of humans and the effects of population density on behavior, communication, and social interaction
-
Territoriality
Behavioral system in which a person, animal or group lays claim to an area and defends it against others
-
City planning in US was influenced by
- Colombian Exposition of 1893
- The Ordinance of 1785
- Garnier's cite industrielle
- The Industrial Revolution
-
Zeitgeist
Intellectual, cultural, and artistic culture of a time and place
-
Rehabilitation
Emphasizes the retention and repair of history materials but gives some latitude for replacement of damaged materials
-
Preservation
Most historically accurate
-
Size of a land section
1 mile
-
Check size (land)
24 miles
-
Township size
6 miles on a side
-
Quarter section size
0.5 miles on a side
-
Baseline
Parallel used as a primary starting point for the east-west layout of the US survey system
-
Guide meridian
A meridian between the principal meridians
-
Meridian
North-South lines that follow the longitudes of the earth and that are used as the basis for the US survey system
-
Metes-and-bound property description
Verbal description of land that begins at a known point and describes the bearing and length of each side of the property, in turn, until the point of beginning is reached
-
Parallels
East-west lines that follow the latitude of the earth
-
Principal meridian
A meridian that serves as the basis for the north-south grid layout of the US survey system
-
Range
The row of townships running north and south from a principal meridian, given a number to describe where it is located north and south of baseline
-
Standard Parallels
Parallels between the baselines in the US survey system
-
Township
The row of townships running east and west from a baseline, given a number to describe where it is located east or west of a principal meridian
|
|