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Giemsa stain
Chlamydia, Borrelia, Rickettsiae, trypanosomes, Plasmodium
Certain Bugs Really Try my Patience
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PAS stain
stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides - used to diagnose Whipple's disease (tropheryma whippelii)
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Ziehl-Neelsen
Acid-fast organisms
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India Ink
Cryptococcus Neoformans
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Mucicarmine
Cryptococcus neoformans (stain thick polysaccharide capsule red)
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Silver stain
fungi(pneumocystis), Legionella
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Chocolate agar with factors V(NAD+) and X (hematin)
H. influenzae
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Thayer Martin (VPN media)
N. gonorrhoeae
Vancomycin inhibits gram+, polymyxin inhibits gram-, nystatin inhibits fungi
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Bordet-Gengou (potato) agar
B. pertussis
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Tellurite plate
C. diphtheriae
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Loffler's media
C. diphtheriae
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Lowenstein-Jensen agar
M. tuberculosis
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Eaton's agar
M. pneumoniae
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Pink colonies of MacConkey's agar
Lactose-fermenting enterics (ex: E. Coli)
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Eosin-methylene blue agar
E. Coli ( colonies w/ metallic sheen)
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Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine & iron
Legionella
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Obligate aerobes
- Nocardia
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Bacillus
- (Nagging Pests Must Breath)
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Obligate anaerobes
- Clostridium
- Bacteroides
- Actinomyces
- (Can't Breathe Air) - Aminoglycosides are inneffective because they require O2 to enter
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Produce yellow sulfur granules composed of a mass of filaments and formed in pus
Actinomyces israelii
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Blue-green pigment
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Red Pigment
Serratia marcescens
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Inactivates elongation factor (EF-2) causing pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in throat & severe LAD (bull neck)
Cornybacterium diphtheriae (similiar to psuedomonas)
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ADP ribosylation of G protein stimulates adenylyl cyclsase; increased pumping of Cl- into gut and decreased Na absorption.
Vibrio cholera
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Heat-labile toxin stimulates adenylate cyclase
Heat-stable toxin stimulates guanylate cyclase.
Both cause water diarrhea
E. Coli
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Increases cAMP by inhibiting Galphai
Bordetella pertussis
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alpha toxin, lecinthinase that acts as a phospholipase to cleave cell membranes and causes gas gangrene, double zone of hemolysis on blood agar
Clostridium perfringens
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Blocks release of GANA and glycine
C tetani - causes lockjaw
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Blocks release of Ach
C. botulinum
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Edema factor, part of the toxin complex is a adenylate cylase
Bacillus anthracis
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Cleaves host rRNA (inactivates 60S ribosome), also enhances cytokine release
Shiga toxin (Shigella and E. Coli 0157:h7) - causing HUS
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induces actin depolymerization leading to mucosal cell death, necrosis of colonic mucosal surfaces, and pseudomembrane formation
C. difficile - cytotoxin B
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potent inhibitor of RNA pol II halting mRNA synthesis
Amatoxin
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Acquired via ingestion of unpasteurized milk/cheese and deli meats or vaginal transmission.
Forms actin rockets - tumbling motility
Listeria monocytogenes
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acute liver inflammation d/t PID from Gonococci
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis
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Weil's disease - severe form with jaudice and azotemia from liver and kidney dysfunction; fever, hemorrhage, and anemia
Leptospira interrogans
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water contaminated with animal urine
flulike sx, photophobia w/ conjunctivitis
surfers in the tropics
Leptospira interrogans
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cat scratch, can cause bacillary angiomatosis in immunocompromised (often confused with Kaposi's sarcoma)
Bartonella
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Animal bite; cats, dogs
cellulitis, osteomyelitis
Pasterella multocida
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