The flashcards below were created by user
KidneyMittens
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Francis Bacon
an English statesman and writer loved science. he criticized people for relying too heavily on ancient thinker's ideas. he did experiments to prove things true
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Rene Decartes
lived in France, he used mathematics and logic instead of experiments
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Isaac Newton
studied math and physics at Cambridge, believed that all things were acted upon by the same forces, wrote a book about gravity
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Edward Jenner
made teh first vaccination for smallpow from cowpox.
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Robert Boyle
the founder of modern chemistry, questioned Arisdotle's thoughts that everything is made of four things and siad matter was made of lots of smaller particles
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Thomas Hobbes
Thought that humans are naturally horrible, and we need a government with total control to keep us in line.
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John Locke
believed that humans can learn from their mistakes and can rule themselves instead of having a silly monarchy, thought that all people had natural rights and government should protect them.
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Voltaire
he used his pen name voltaire to protect tolerance reason and freedom of religoin and speech. was sent to jail twice and exiled.
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Baron de Montesquieu
studied political liberty and believed that Britain had the best system with it's separation of powers
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Jean Jacques Rousseau
believed strongly in personal rights and thought that society trapped humans. the only good goverment was one that was guieded by the general will of society.
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Cesare Bonesana Beccaria
he beileved that laws were not to punish poeple for breaking them but to preserve social order
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Mary Wollstonecraft
said that women need education to become virtuous and useful and encouraged women to move into fields dominated by men.
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Clovis
Clovis was the ruler of the franks who converted to Christianity and caused many peoples he conquered to convert to Christianity as well.
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Charles Martel
Charles was essentially the ruler of the Frankish kingdom (in gaul) in AD 700, he helped expand the kingdom.
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Pepin the Short
Pepin the Short cooperated with the Pope, and agreed to fight the Lombards if the Pope declared him king by the grace of God.
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Charlemagne
Charlemagne was the king of the Frankish Empire, he expanded his empire tremendously, and was crowned “Roman Emperor” by the Pope.
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Louis the Pious
Son of Charlemagne, was an utterly crap ruler and when he died the treaty of Verdun was signed, splitting his empire into three separate kingdoms
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Rollo
Rollo was a Viking leader who was granted a significant piece of land to settle on by Charles the Simple.
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Charles the Simple
He granted land to the Viking leader Rollo in exchange for their loyalty
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Urban II
Declared a holy war on the Muslims
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Philip II
Philip II was a strong king who doubled the land of France by the end of his rule.
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Louis IX
he was a saintly king who everyone loved, he strengthened monarchy whilst weakening feudality by instituting royal courts that could overrule local courts if desired.
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John Wycliff
taught that Jesus was the head of the church, not the pope
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Raphael
he painted Pope Julius the II’s walls with paintings, and he used perspective
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Machiavelli
He thought that a ruler must be shrewd and craft, and trick his enemies as well as his subjects.
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Michelangelo
his realistic lifelike sculptures involving emotions and nude people
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Albrecht Durer
created woodcuts and engravings that display religious subjects
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Jan Van Eyck
He was one of the first to use oil paintings
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Thomas More
Tried to show a better society in the book utopia
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Erasmus
he is known for “the praise of folly”
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John Calvin
John Calvin was a reformist who would bring order to the reforms started by Martin Luther, he taught predestination and that humans are sinful by nature.
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John Knox
he started the Presbyterians after visiting the city run by Calvin.
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Ignatius of Loyola
He started the Jesuit order, and compared religious meditation to physical exercise.
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Pedro Alvares Cabral
Reached modern day Brazil and claimed the land for his country
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Amerigo Vespucci
claimed the land was not part of Asia but was a “new” world. Americas are named after him
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Ferdinand Magellan
portugese explorer that traveled around southern end of South America and into the waters of the Pacific
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Vasco Nunez de Balboa
marched through modern day panama and was first explorer to gaze at the Pacific Ocean.
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Hernando Cortez
he landed on the shores of Mexico in 1519
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Francisco Pizarro
he conquered the Incan Empire in 1532
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Ponce de Leon
claimed modern day Florida for Spain
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Vasquez de Coronado
led an expedition through present day Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas.
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Giovanni da Verrazzano
he discovered New York Harbor.
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Jacques Cartier
named the river St. Lawrence. Named the island Montreal
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Samuel de Champlain
founded Quebec known as New France
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Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet
explored the Great Lakes and the upper Mississippi River
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Sieur de La Salle
explored the lower Mississippi river and claimed the river valley (aka Louisiana) for France
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Henry Hudson
an Englishman in the service of the Netherlands. He sailed for Asia. He sailed West to find a northwest sea route to Asia.
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El Greco
He was a Spaniard who bore the title “the Greek,” he would create paintings with brilliant clashing colors, and would distort the human image to make a symbolic point. Also focused on Christian subjects
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Diego Velazquez
Used rich colors to depict the royal family in his job as the court painter.
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Rembrandt
Created protraits of Middle class merchants, and other group portraits
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Jan Vermeer
He did paintings of people doing very average tasks, and in very average enviroments.
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Henry IV
Helped France recover from a generation of war
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Louis XIII
Very weak king, Richelieu essentially ruled for him
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Richelieu
He wekened the nobles by forcing them to remove their castles, and he forbade prodestant cities from being walled (in france)
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Louis XIV
Most powerful ruler of France!
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Gustavus Adolphus
A swede who turned the tide of the thirty years war
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