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Matter
Anything that has mass and occupies space
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Pure Substance
Matter that contains only one kind of particle
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Mixture
Matter that contains only one kind of particle
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Element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler parts by chemical methods
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Compound
A pure substance made of two or more different elements that are chemically combined
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Physical Property
A characteristic of a substance that can be observed and measured without changing the identity of the substance
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Viscosity
The measure of a substance's resistance to flow
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Melting Point
The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid
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Boiling Point
The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas
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Solubility
The ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance
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Density
The ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume it occupies
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Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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Mass Number
Sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus
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Isotope
One of two or more forms of an element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
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Atomic Mass
The average mass of naturally occurring isotopes of an element
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Periodic Table
A system for organizing the elements into columns and rows, so that elements with similar properties are in the same column
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Metal
Typically, an element that is hard, shiny, malleable, and ductile and is a good conductor of heat and electricity
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Non-metal
Typically an element that is not hard, shiny, malleable, and ductile and is a poor conductor of heat and electricity
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Metalloid
An element that shares some properties with metals and some properties with non-metals
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Period
A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
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Group
A vertical column of elements in the periodic table
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Valence Electron
An electron in the outermost occupied energy level of an atom
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Ion
A negatively or positively charged atom or group of atoms
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Chemical Bond
A chemical link between two atoms which holds the atoms together
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Ionic Bond
A chemical bond that forms between oppositely charged ions
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Ionic Compound
A compound made of oppositely charged ions
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