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A malignant disease of hematopoietic tissue, characterized by replacement of normal bone marrow elements with abnormal (neoplastic) blood cells:
Leukemia
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A rapidly progressive disease characterized by an abnormal expansion of immature cells or blasts:
Acute Leukemia
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A slowly progressive disorder characterized by an abnormal expansion of mature cells:
Chronic leukemia
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Leukemia can be divided into two major cell types:
Myelogenous and lymphocytic
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What are the most common types of leukemia that occur in older adults?
- -Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
- -Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
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What is the most common form of leukemia in children?
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
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What leukemia, whether lymphoid or myeloid lineage, is generally considered to be a disease of adults?
Chronic Leukemia
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Chronic or Acute Leukemia—All ages, clinical onset is sudden, immature leukemic cells, anemia, thrombocytopenia, variable WBC count, mild organomegaly:
Acute Leukmia
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Chronic or Acute Leukemia—Adults, clinical onset is insidious, mature leukemic cells, mild anemia, mild thrombocytopenia, increased WBC count, prominent organomegaly:
Chronic Leukemia
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Abrupt onset of signs and symptoms of only a few weeks, weakness, bleeding abnormalities, flu-like symptoms all reflect the failure of bone marrow to produce adequate normal cells; caused by the proliferation and accumulation of leukemic cells in the marrow:
Acute Leukemia
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A myeloid or granulocytic sarcoma is defined as a tumor mass of myeloid cells outside of the marrow and may be the first evidence of:
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
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Gingival hypertrophy and oral lesions are primarily seen in:
Acute Monoblastic Leukemia
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A mediastinal mass resulting from thymic involvement is a hallmark of:
T-ALL (thymic acute lymphoblastic leukemia)
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Bone or joint pain, caused by pressure of expanding leukemic call population in the marrow cavity, commonly accompanies:
Acute Leukemias
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When are Myelodysplastic Syndromes more common?
Patients over 50 with unexplained and persistent anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and/or monoctyosis.
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What are the major characteristics of AML?
- AML
- 1. Morphology - medium to large blasts, more cytoplasm than lymphoblasts, cytoplasmic granules, Auer rods
- 2. Cytochemistry - Positive peroxidase and Sudan black; negative TdT
- 3. Extramedullary and focal disease - Common in spleen and liver; less common in lymph nodes and CNS
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What are the major characteristics of ALL and ALL?
- 1. Morphology - Small to medium blasts, scarce cytoplasm, no granules; fine nuclear chromatin and indistinct nucleoli
- 2. Cytochemistry - Negative peroxidase and Sudan black; positive TdT
- 3. Extramedullary and focal disease - common in lymph nodes, spleen, liver, CNS, and glands
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