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Chelonia is
- turtles
- toroises
- terrapins
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How many species of turtles are there?
270
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Chelonia is considered the most _ group of reptiles.
primative
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Turtles are semiaquatic or aquatic, terrapins are semiaquatic, and tortoises are terrestrial. Who is the exception to this?
the box turtle
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The carapace is what? How many bones?
- dorsal part/armor of shell
- 50 bones
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The plastron is what? How many bones?
- the ventral part/belly of the shell
- 9 bones
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Karatinized epithelium/scale like structures covering the bones of the shell
scutes
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What is located between the pectral and abdominal scutes?
a hinge
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Is the shell of the turtle a living structure?
yes
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Do they have a diaphragm?
no, but they do have a thin membrane that separates their cavities
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Respiration is achieved by contracting muscle mass b/t _ and _ limbs and body cavity _ changes during locomotion. (why moving their legs can force them to breathe)
- pectoral and pelvic limbs
- pressure changes
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Buccal pumping
moving their legs to breathe
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How do some aquatic and soft shelled turtles exchange oxygen?
through skin and other mucosal surfaces
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How long are their trachea's?
short
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The lungs are large and attach to the:
carapace
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Although chelonians still have a renal portal system if the front legs are not available for injections is it ok to put injections in the rear legs?
Yes because they have a really slow metabolism
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Do their salivary glands produce digestive enzymes?
no
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The stomach is on the _ side of the ceolomic cavity
left
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Although the cecum is present is is _ _ _
not well developed
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The digestive tract empties into the _
cloaca
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Urogenital ducts empty into the neck of _ bladder.
bilobed
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Males have a _ plastron, long nails on _, and a larger tail.
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Females are the _ of the two and have long nails on the _ feet.
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All chelonians are oviparous and have _ _ eggs
soft leathery
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Humidity is to be set at _-_%
50-70%
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What kind of light do chelonians need for vitamin D which is essential to their absorption of calcium?
UV
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POTZ
preferred optimum temperature zone
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POTZ for aquatic turtles
72-82 F
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Aquatic turtles have _ shells and _ feet
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The surface of a turtle's carapace should not exceed _% of cage.
25%
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Water should be as deep as the _ _ _.
width of shell
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Even when there is a water filter what should be done?
full water changes
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Turtles are fed how often
2-3 x a wk
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What else needs to be provided in a aquatic turtle's cage?
a basking are
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Turtles require high protein diets what are some ways they can get this? (3)
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Tortoises require a considerable amount of space. Where are they best housed?
outside
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POTZ for tortoise
75-90 F
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If not outside the tortoise enclosure requires:
- basking light
- substrate (mulch or alfalfa pellets)
- UV light
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What 2 substrates should be avoided?
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Tortoises or terrestrial turtles have eyes on _ ,_ shells, and _ on feet
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What should be included in the terrestrial diet?(3)
- leafy greens/veggies
- fruits
- pellets
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