BDCS 6 (Ballast)

  1. types of piles
    • wood: must be below ground water level
    • precast concrete: round, square, or octogonal, often prestressed
    • cast-in-place concrete: driven with mandrel core, removed before pouring
    • concrete-filled steel pipe: driven with sealed tip, then filled with conrete
    • structural steel: for dense earth and heavy and loads
  2. sanded grades
    grade face back: A (best) and D (poorest)

    • C for exterior
    • D for interior
  3. precast concrete
    • advantages:
    • -better quality control of concrete
    • -better control over curing (may be steam cured)
    • -members castable in all weather
    • -members erectable in all weather
    • -faster actual construction time
  4. tilt-up
    • -most common slab on grade platform (must not be bond together)
    • -may be load or non-load bearing
    • -may rest on a foundation wall or span between footings and are connected to cast-in-place columns
  5. lift slab
    • -consists of casting floor and roof slabs of a multi-story building, one upon another, with a membrane or bond-breaking agent between, to prevent bonding of slabs
    • -jacks attached to structure's columns lift the slab to positions and weld them into place using special steel collars
    • -advantage: all mechanical pipes, conduits, ducts can be insulated on grade
  6. tube slab
    -tube-slab refers to a system in which paper tube fillers are embedded in the section to obtain a flat ceiling with no exposed beams
  7. when water-cement ratio increases...
    ... strength of concrete decreases
  8. grain size and shape
    these determine (for granular soil) the shear strength of the soil, its permeability, the likely result of frost action and compaction ability
  9. liquid and plastic limits
    these values give the compaction and compressibility values for cohesive soil
  10. specific gravity
    this is used to determine void ratio, which determines compressibiity of the soil
  11. unconfined compression
    the shear strength for cohesive soil is measured from this value
  12. water content
    this number is used to get the compressibility and compaction values for cohesive soil
  13. unified soil classification system
    soils are classified using this system
  14. foudations below the water table, are subject to...
    hydrostatic pressure
  15. wales
    steel sheeting is composed of interlocking z-shaped sections supported by continuous horizontal members called wales
  16. high-pressure decorative laminate (HPDL)
    • common finishing
    • thin sheet material made by impregnating several layers of kraft paper with phenolic resins and overlaying the paper with a patterned or colored sheet and a layer of melamine resin
    • assembly is placed on a high pressure where various layers fuse together
  17. thermoset decorative paneling
    made by pressing a decorative overlay from a thermoset polyester or melamine resin-impregnanted saturated sheet onto a cellulosic substrate such as particleboard or medium-density fiberboard
  18. astragal
    vertical members used between doors to seal the opening, act as a door stop, or provide extra security when the doors are closed
  19. coordinator
    • a door coordinator is a device used with double doors that are rabbeted or that have an astragal on the active leaf
    • mounted on head of the frame
    • coordinates closing sequence
  20. spandrel
    manufactured by permanently fusing a ceramic frit color to the back of heat-strengthened or tempered glass
  21. low-emissivity glass
    • aka low-e glass
    • selectively reflects and transmits certain wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum
    • manufactured by placing a very thin coating of metal or metal oxide on the surface of a piece of glass or a thin film
    • transmitting visible light and shortwave solar radiation but reflecting long-wave heat radiation from the air and warm objects
  22. energy-efficient glazing
    keep heat out of a building, keep heat in or limit the amount of light coming into a building
  23. electrochromic glazing
    general term for glazing that changes from either a dark tint or a milky white opaque to a transparent state with the application of an electric current
  24. suspended particle device glazing (SPD)
    uses a proprietary system in which light-absorbing microscopic particles are dispersed within a liquid suspension film which is then sandwhiched between two pieces of transparent conductive materials
  25. polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film glazing
    • fabricated by placing the polymer film between 2 pieces of glass
    • transparency can range from transparent to cloudy white
    • expensive glass, but can have energy savings from 20-30%
  26. fire-rated glazing
    • type 1) clear ceramic that has higher impact resistance than wire glass and a low expansion coefficient; available in 1hr rating
    • type 2) special tempered fire-protective glass; max of 30min
    • type 3) 2 or 3 layers of tempered glass with a clear polymer gel between them; under fire the clear gell turns to opaque; available in 30min, 60min, and 90min depending on thickness
    • type 4) glass block (not all glass block is rated) 
  27. plastering coats
    • 1) scratch coat
    • 2) brown coat
    • 3) final finish coat
  28. stucco
    portland cement, lime, sand and water
  29. plaster
    gypsum and lime, aggregates of sand, vermiculite or perlite (fire resistance) and water
  30. flue-gas desulfurization
    • -main source of gypsum in north america
    • -process by whereby power-generating plants (and similar plants) remove polluting gases from their stacks to reduce emission of harmful materials into the atmosphere
  31. LC bead
    edge trim requiring finishing with joint compound
  32. L bead
    • edge trim without a back flange, good for installation after the wallboard has been installed
    • requires finishing with joint compound
  33. LK bead
    • edge trim for use with a kerfed jamb
    • requires finishing with joint compound
  34. U bead
    • edge trim that does not require finishing with joint compound
    • has a noticeable edge
    • aka j-metal
  35. glass-reinforced gypsum (GRG)
    • designates a broad class of products manufactured from a high-strength, high-density gypsum reinforced with continuous-filament glass fiber or chopped glass fibers
    • aka fiberglass-reinforced gypsum (FRG), glass-fiber-reinforced gypsum (GFRG)
  36. group 1 (tile)
    light residential
  37. group 2 (tile)
    moderate residential
  38. group 3 (tile)
    max residential
  39. group 4 (tile)
    highest abrasion resistance - commercial
  40. standard terrazzo
    most common type, using small chips no larger than 3/8"
  41. venetian terrazzo
    uses chips larger than 3/8"
  42. palladiana terrazzo
    utilizes thin random-fractured slabs of marble with standard terrazzo between
  43. rustic terrazzo
    has the matrix depressed to expose the chips
  44. standard hardwoods
    • red oak
    • white oak
    • maple
    • birch
    • beech
    • pecan
    • mahogany
    • walnut
  45. softwoods
    • yellow pine
    • fir
    • western hemlock
  46. species of wood flooring
    bamboo and palm wood
  47. palm wood
    • comes from coconut plantations
    • 3/4" to 3" wide strips with tongue-and-groove edges
  48. bamboo
    • 1/2" to 3/4" thick strips
    • about 3" wide
    • milled with tongue and groove
  49. wood floor underlayment
    • polyethylene
    • if moisture is a problem
  50. ASTM D-2859
    • standard test method for flammability of finished textile floor covering materials
    • aka methenamine pill test or the pill test
  51. parging
    • process of applying mortar coat to control leakage in masonry basement or foundation walls
    • one of the most common and effective ways to control water leakage, particularly where hollow masonry units are used
  52. electroplating
    • process that employs an electric current and an electrolytic solution to deposit a metallic coating on steel
    • tin, zinc, and cadmium are commonly applied in this manner
  53. sherardizing
    • process consists of placing steel into an enclosure in which it is surrounded with metallic zinc dust and then heated
    • produces a clear, thin zinc coating
  54. metallizing
    • process of spraying molten metal on the surface to be coated
    • extensively used for applying zinc and aluminum coatings, and is principal method used for field application
  55. waffle slab (best use)
    • heavy loads and square bays
    • spans up to 40ft
  56. flat slab system (best use)
    economical for heavy loads, but not spans over 25 or 30ft
  57. flat plate system
    • inexpensive formwork
    • not economical for heavy loads or spans over 20 to 25ft
  58. walers
    horizontal member that holds individual pieces of shoring in place
  59. what agency sets requirements for safety glazing in buildings?
    consumer product safety commission
  60. quarter slicing
    achieves the most uniform, straight-grain appearance in wood paneling
  61. crazing
    fine cracks on a coat of paint
  62. surcharge load
    cars parked adjecent to a building
  63. ADA shower dimensions
    • shower=30" width by 60" length
    • floor clearance=36" width by 60" length
  64. code requirements for fireplace hearth
    • 8" on each side
    • 16" depth if 36" or smaller fireplace opening
    • 20" depth if 36" or larger fireplace opening
  65. albedo
    • relectance of a material
    • 0 is black (absorptive)
    • higher is more reflective
  66. Needle beam
    a short beam passed through a wall to provide temporary support
  67. annealing of metal
    • Annealing is a heat process whereby a metal is heated to a specific temperature /colour and then allowed to cool slowly.
    • This softens the metal which means it can be cut and shaped more easily.
  68. Joseph Paxton's landmark structure
    • -Crystal Palace (1851)
    • -immense prefabricated glass and cast iron structure
  69. William LeBaron Jenney
    • -The Home Insurance Co. Building (1883-1885)
    • -first building completely framed in steel
  70. Burnham and Root's
    • -Reliance Building (1890-1895)
    • -expressed aesthetics of its steel skeleton
  71. H.H. Richardson
    • -Marshall Field Wholesale Store (1885-1887)
    • -floors were supported with timber framing and exterior walls were largely of stone construction
  72. Exposed flashing material properties
    • -copper has a tendancy to tarnish when exposed to weather
    • -soldering aluminum is difficult and should be avoided
    • -stainless steel requires no additonal protective coating
    • -copper and stainless steel expand and contract at about the same rate
  73. fire-retardant treated wood
    • -generally involves impregnating the wood with fire-retardant chemicals pressure
    • -these chemicals decrease the rate of flame spread or rapidity with which fire will spread across the surface of the wood
    • -treatment may be used for various sizes of wood members
    • -chemicals used are different than those used for decay prevention
  74. calcium chloride admixture
    -should never be used to lower freezing point of concrete because the quantity needed is so great that strength and other properties would be seriously affected
Author
sabrinarusso
ID
223313
Card Set
BDCS 6 (Ballast)
Description
ARE exam
Updated