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The flashcards below were created by user
pctran90
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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classes of beta-lactams
- penicillin (ex. oxacillin);
- cephalosporin (ex. cephalexin);
- carbapenem (ex. imipenem);
- monobactam (ex. aztreonam)
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beta-lactam
- binds to penicillin binding proteins in periplasmic space;
- act by blocking peptidoglycan cross-linking, resulting in weakened cell wall;
- organism lyses;
- organism must be actively growing for bactericidal activity
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vancomycin
- extremely large glycopeptide molecule;
- only active against gram + organisms;
- prevents incorporation of murein monomer into peptidoglycan layer
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aminoglycosides
- interferes with translation of mRNA on 30S ribosome blocking protein synthesis;
- actively transported into bacteria - requires aerobic growth;
- bactericidal;
- synergistic with cell wall active agents;
- ex. gentamincin & tobramycin;
- ototoxic & nephrotoxic
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macrolides
- binds to 50S ribosome;
- blocks chain elongation resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis;
- bacteriostatic;
- broad spectrum;
- limited activity against enteric gram - bacilli;
- azithromycin (Z-Pac) widely used for community acquired pneumonia
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tetracyclin
- binds to 30S ribosome;
- blocks binding of tRNA;
- inhibits protein synthesis;
- bacteriostatic;
- broad spectrum;
- can also be used for malaria prophylaxis
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fluoroquinolones
- blocks DNA unwinding by DNA gyrase;
- inhibits DNA replication;
- commonly used to treat UTIs and community acquired pneumonia;
- ex. ciprofloxacin & levofloxacin
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trimethyoprim-sulfamethoxazole
- synergistic drug combination;
- inhibits pathway important in synthesis of purine nucleotide resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis;
- commonly used to treat UTIs and CA-MRSA skin and soft tissue infections;
- active against pneumocystis and selected parasites;
- developed in RTP
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colistin
- large cyclic cationic polypeptide;
- act by disrupting cell membrane;
- last line of defense against MDR-gram - bacilli infection;
- not active against gram + and selected gram -;
- highly toxic especially nephrotoxic;
- difficult to determine resistance in vitro;
- resistance can develop during therapy
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