-
what is the most common type of artifact
somatic tremor
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example of somatic tremor from disease
parkinson's
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one cardiac cycle takes approximately how long
0.8 second
-
cardiac cycle aka
heart beat
-
part of wave that indicates ventricular depolarization
QRS complex
-
another name for V lead is
precordial
-
what does P wave represent
atrial depolarization
-
another name for atrial depolarizarion
atrial contraction
-
when the heart recovers and relaxes
repolarization
-
when does repolarization occur
after contraction of heart muscle and the reestablishment of a polarized state
-
contraction of cardiac cells
depolarization
-
how does depolarization occur
with electrical activity from atria or ventricular contraction
-
what does QRS wave represent
ventricular contraction
-
what does the T wave represent
ventricular relaxation
-
medical term for ventricular relaxation
venticular repolarization
-
which wave only occurs occasionally in some patients
u wave
-
what does the vertical line on the EKG represent
voltage
-
what does the horizontal line on the EKG represent
time
-
what is a baseline
flat horizontal line between cardiac cycle
-
what is one box equal to
.04 sec and 1 mm
-
what are 5 large squares equal to in time
.2 sec
-
what does BPM stand for
beats per minute
-
what is elctrolyte
a conductive substance that contains moisture
-
what forms does electrolyte come in
gels, lotions, paste, presaturated pads and adhesive sensors
-
why is electrolyte necessary
because skin is a poor conductor of electricity
-
what are electrodes
a sensor that detects electrical impulse on the body surface
-
what are electrodes made of
metal or other conductive material
-
what are lead wires
metal wires carrying impulse from patient to machine
-
how can older electrocardiograph machines be adapted or converted to operate with the current self, adhesive electrodes
alligator clips over end of lead wire tips ordered from manufacturer
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how many sensors are on a standard EKG
10
-
how many leads do the sensors record
12
-
what are the sensors recording
the electrical impulses on the body surface
-
what are the four limb leads
left leg, left arm, right leg, right arm
-
which limb lead is called the "ground" or reference electrode
right leg
-
where on the limbs are the sensors placed
fleshy , nonmuscular insides
-
lead I records the electrical activity between the
right arm and left arm
-
lead II records the electrical activity between the
right arm and left leg
-
lead III records electrical activity between the....
left arm and left leg
-
which lead portrays the heart beat better then other leads
Lead II
-
-
the first 3 leads are also known as what type of lead
bipolar
-
leads iv, v, and vi are designated as what leads
aVR, aVL and aVF
-
these augmented leads are also known as what
unipolar
-
lead aVR records activity from
Right Arm and Right Leg
-
Lead aVL records activity from
Left Leg and Left Arm
-
lead aVF records activity from
foot
-
what does aVR, aVL and aVF stand for
augmented voltage right, left and foot
-
how long is each cardiac cycle
0.8 seconds
-
what does augmented mean
added to
-
how many sides does the heart have
2
-
how many lobes does the heart have
4
-
the skin is not a great conductor of _________
electricity
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electrolytes provide __________ and electrodes provide _______ to the conduction process
moisture and metal
-
what is a two sided pump the routes blood where it needs to go
the heart
-
______ cells in the heart are able to conduct electricity
certain
-
artifacts are electrical __________
nuisances
-
what is it called when there is a discharge of electrical energy
depolarization
-
ECG is an
graphic representation of the heart's electrical activity
-
-
a series of x-rays of a blood vessel after injection of a radiopaque substance
angiogram
-
the part of the heart cycle in which the heart is in contraction
systole
-
the flat, horizontal line that separates the various waves of the ECG cycle
baseline
-
chemical substance that enhances the conduction of electrical activity
electrolyte
-
conversion of a pathologic cardia rhythm to normal sinus rhythm
carioversion
-
local and temporary lack of blood to an organ or a part because of obstruction of circulation
ischemia
-
procedure used to obtain cardia blood samples, detect abnormalities, and determine intracardiac pressure
cardiac catheterization
-
heated slender wire of the electrocardiograph that melts the wax off the ECG paper during the recording
stylus
-
pertaining to the area on the anterior surface of the body overlying the heart
precordial
-
procedures that do not require entering the body or puncturing the skin
noninvasive
-
sensors used to conduct electricity from the body to the electrocardiograph
electrodes
-
to add or increase
augmented
-
process of applying in sequence a portion of each of the 12 leads of the ECG recording onto a document placed in the patient's chart
mounting
-
applications of electric current to the heart, directly or indirectly, to alter a disturbance in cardia rhythm
countershocks
-
mechanism in the electrocardiograph that changes the voltage into a mechanical motion or recording purposes
galvanometer
-
having or pertaining to a one-pole process
unipolar
-
the normal period in the cardiac cycle during which the myocardial fibers lengthen, the heart dilates and the cavities all fill with blood
diastole
-
one complete heartbeat
the cardia cycle
-
during an ultrasound procedure, this device picks up echoes and converts them to electrical energy
transducer
-
an area of tissue in an organ or a part that becomes necrotic after cessation of blood supply
infarction
-
amount, extent, size, abundance or fullness
amplitude
-
having equal electrical potentials, represented on the ECG as the baseline
isoelectric
-
the first three leads are
bipolar/standard leads
-
the next group of leads recorded after bipolar are
augemented/unipolar
-
augmented/unipolar leads are after the ________ and designated
bipolar, aVR, aVL, aVF
-
repolarization takes place while the heart muscle
relaxes
-
a type of chest electrode that consists of a disposable adhesive sensor is known as
precordial
-
one millivolt of cardia electrical activity will deflect the stylus exactly
10 mm high
-
a wandering baseline may be caused by
lotions, creams or oils on the patient's skin
-
where is SA node located
the upper part of the right atrium
-
SA node aka
body's natural pacemaker
-
what does the T wave represent
ventricular repolarization/ ventricular relaxation
-
-
electrical activity that causes contraction is called
systole
-
electrical activity that causes relaxation is called
diastole
-
name the artifacts
somatic, ac interference, wandering baseline, interrupted baseline
-
ex of somatic artifact
patient humming
-
ex of ac interference
crossed lead wires
-
ex of wandering baseline
lotions, oils or cream on patient's skin
-
interrupted baseline example is
detached lead wire
-
PAC
premature atrial contraction
-
PAC are experienced by _________
healthy individuals
-
ventricular fibrillation is seen in
patient's experiencing a MI or patient's with existing cardiac disease
-
ventricular fibrillation is __________________
life threatening
-
ventricular tachycardia can lead to
death and fibrillation
-
a common disturbance, or arrhythmia seen on ECG's are
PVC, premature ventricular contractions
-
lack of blood to an organ or part
ischemia
-
ECG paper is
heat and pressure sensitive
-
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