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pctran90
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Antibody
A protein produced by the vertebrate immune system that binds specifically and tightly to a small segment of a single protein.
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Antigen
The protein recognized by an antibody.
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cDNA
DNA complementary to all the mRNA present in the sample and DNA complementary to all the mRNA present in normal tissue used as probes in Microarray Analysis.
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Cloning
The isolation of genomic fragments and replication of the isolated fragments into many copies.
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Denature
The separation of DNA strands. (ie. due to changes in pH)
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Dideoxynucleotide Triphosphates
Nucleotide triphosphates incorporated at the end of a growing DNA chain that causes chain termination because they lack the 3'-OH group. Used in DNA sequence determination.
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Gel Electrophoresis
- An electric mechanism for separating DNA/RNA molecules based on their size.
- *DNA is negatively charged, so it moves towards the positive end.
- *Smaller DNA fragments will move more quickly than larger molecules.
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Hybridization
Refers to the base paring of the probe with any DNA fragment having a complementary sequence.
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Western Blot
Protein blotting with an antibody probe that binds to specific target proteins.
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Immunoblotting
The appropriate term for Western blotting/protein blotting.
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Karyotype
The direct visualization of the complete set of chromosomes. Used to detect large changes in chromosome structure and number.
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Microarray
- A technique to simultaneously assess the relative level of expression of all transcribed genes in a cell.
- (Hint: Involves cDNA probes)
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Northern Blot
A technique that analyzes mRNA and is used to examine the regulation of expression of specific genes. (Also used to examine the size of mRNA.)
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Oligonucleotide
A short, single-stranded nucleic acid polymer.
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Plasmid
Small, circular DNA molecule found in bacteria that exists separate from the bacterial genome.
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Vector
An agent, such as a plasmid or a virus, that can incorporate foreign DNA and transfer that DNA from one organism to another.
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
A highly specific, sensitive, and widely applicable technique for detecting and quantitating DNA/RNA involving heating and cooling cycles.
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Probe
A radioactive DNA molecule complementary to the specific DNA fragment of interest.
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Restriction Endonuclease
Bacterial enzymes that cleave DNA at specific sequences.
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Recognition Sequence
Specific 4-8 bp palindromic DNA sequences recognized by Restriction Endonucleases.
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Secondary Antibody
An antibody that specifically binds to a primary antibody allowing visualization of bound antibodies of interest in immunoblotting.
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Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS)
A detergent used to cause proteins to migrate through gels at rates proportional to only their size. It works by denaturing the proteins and coating them with a uniform negative charge.
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Southern Blot
A technique that analyzes genomic DNA and detects large deletions, insertions, and sequence rearrangements.
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Synthetic Oligonucleotide Primers
Short, synthetic single-stranded nucleic acid polymers used primers for DNA Polymerase.
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FISH
A karyotyping technique in which a fluorescent dye that hybridizes to a specific chromosomal site is coupled a DNA molecule.
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"Staggered" Cleavage
A mechanism in which dsDNA is cleaved that creates an overhang (sticky end).
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"Blunt" Cleavage
A mechanism in which dsDNA is cleaved precisely in the center of the recognition sequence, leaving a flush end.
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