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Reconstruction Plans
- Lincoln- 10%
- Johnson- lenient
- government- strict
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Reconstruction Amendments
(Civil War Amendments)
- 13th- abolished slavery
- 14th- equal citizenship
- 15th- all men can vote
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Laws formed to limit freedom of former slaves
Black Codes
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Northern Republicans who moved south during reconstruction for economic opportunity
Carpetbaggers
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Southern republicans in the south during reconstruction
Scalawags
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Party who was very strict on the south that included Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens
Radical Republicans
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President who was lenient to southerners during reconstruction that was impeached
Pres. Andrew Johnson
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Act that required senate approval of a replacement before the president could remove an appointed offical
- Tenure of Office Act
- (used to try to kick johnson out)
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Name given to former slaves as a result of the Black Codes
Freedmen
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Terrorist group against A.A. that lynched and killed A.A.. their leader was Nathan Bedford Forest
Ku Klux Klan
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President who beat democrat Tilden by one electoral vote. Led to Compromise of 1877 which lifted union guard in the south
Pres. Rutherford B. Hayes
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Farmer worked part of land in return for shelter and food. Kept A.A. on plantations due to debt
Sharecropping
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Aided millions of southerners (freedman) who were left homeless and hungry
Freedmen's Bureau
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Court case that brought up the law of the land in the south "Separate but equal"
Plessy v. Fergusson
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Influential A.A. who believed A.A. needed an education to advance
W.E.B. Dubois
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Group formed to help end racial discrimination towards A.A.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
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Thought A.A. should focus on economic attention for economic equality
Booker T. Washington
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Focused attention on stopping the lynching of A.A. to keep public focused on the issue
Ida B. Wells
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President that advocated westward expansion
Pres. Grover Cleveland
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Land out west inhabited by N.A.
The Great Plains
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Act that encouraged settlement out west by giving 160 acres of land to farmers to make a profit out of it
Homestead Act
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People who took advantage of the Homestead Act
Homesteaders
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Southerners (mostly A.A.) who settled in western lands to escape the Jim Crow Laws
Exodusters
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Railroad that connected both ends of the U.S.
Transcontinental Railroad
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The cattle industry that took off in the west
Cattle Kingdom
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Long treks in which cowboys herded cattle from ranches to rail lines
Long Drives
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Wrote the book "A Century of Dishonor" about the horrid treatment of the N.A.
Helen Hunt Jackson
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Act set to assimilate the N.A. to the American Culture
Dawes Act
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American attack on a N.A. camp where 300 American soldiers died
Battle of Little Big Horn
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Leader of the Nez Perce "I will fight no more forever"
Chief Joseph
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Area where N.A. were placed by Americans when americans took their land
Reservations
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Organization of farmers that banded together and formed something like a union
The Grange
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Party formed by the Grange that wanted the standard for money to be silver to cause inflation so their debt would not be as high
Populist Party
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Americans who opposed immigration
Nativists
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Age where the government looked good but was actually very corrupt
The Gilded Age
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Groups that would run local governments and do corrupt and shady things to stay in power (the Tweed Ring)
Political Machines
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Political cartoonist who showed what was actually going on with the government (muckraker)
Thomas Nast
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Created settlement houses to help immigrants in America
Jane Addams
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Places where immigrants went to get help with starting out in America
Settlement houses
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Popular sports and entertainment in America
Boxing, Baseball
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Apartment buildings in cities where many immigrants lived which had terrible conditions to live in
Tenement homes
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Custom center for immigrants from Europe
Ellis Island
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Custom center for immigrants from Asia
Angel Island
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The increase in factories and manufacturing of countries
Industrialization
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Nickname given to captains of industry like Carnagy (steel) Rockefeller (oil) and Pullman (sleeping car)
Robber Barons
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Business practice for eliminating competition
Horizontal integration
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Business practice for eliminating the middle man
Vertical integration
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Act that went after trusts (90% of the business)
Sherman Anti-trust Act
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Invented the light bulb and figured out a way to harness electricity
Thomas Edison
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groups of workers that banded together in workplaces to receive better working conditions or better pay
Labor unions
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system used by Garfield that brought in people who supported the president into winning rather than bringing in people with skill (Spoils system)
Civil Service commission
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Three progressive presidents
- Pres. Teddy Roosevelt (trustbuster)
- Pres. William Taft
- Pres. Woodrow Wilson
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The act of breaking up trusts
trustbusting
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Act that allowed the federal government regulate interstate commerce
Interstate Commerce Act
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Act that allowed the federal government to regulate railroads
Hepburn Act
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Acts that inspected food, meat, and drugs to make sure that they were pure and good to consume
Pure Food and Drug and Meat Inspection Acts
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Another act that tried to break up trusts
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
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Controlled interest rates and the banking system
Federal Reserve
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People (mainly journalists) who dug through the dirt of society to expose problems to the public
Muckrakers
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16th Amendment
income tax
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17th amendment
direct election of senators
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18th amendment
Prohibition
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19th amendment
women voting
-
Woman's sufferage
Woman's voting
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third party of the progressive era
Progressive and Bull Moose Party
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Law that made children go to school (decrease in child labor)
Compulsory Education
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President during the Spanish-American War
President William McKinley
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method used to sell more newspapers by exaggerating stories
Yellow Journalism
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Ship that exploded in a harbor in Cuba that sparked the Spanish-American war
USS Maine
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War in 1898 that lasted 4 months, U.S. won
Spanish American War
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Built when Roosevelt decided to help the Panamanians with their revolt
Panama Canal
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Addition to the Monroe Doctorine
Roosevelt Corollary
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Progressive era president's "slogan"
Speak softly and carry a big stick
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Progressive president's foreign diblomacy
Taft's dollar diplomacy
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Dealt with China's spheres of influence that said everyone was aloud to trade with China
Open door policy
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Seward purchased Alaska
Seward's Folly
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Countries dealt with in Spanish American War
Philipines and Puerto Rico
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In 1893 U.S. overthrew their government and annexed them
Hawaii
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Key European leader in 1914
Franz Ferdinand
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Caused of WWI
- (Main) Militarism, alliance, imperialism, nationalism
- Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
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digging trenches and sending poison gas and bombs into enemy trenches
trench warfare
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Area between trenches
No Mans Land
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Message intercepted by the U.S. from Germany to Mexico asking Mexico if they would make an alliance with Germany
Zimmerman Note
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What got the U.S. involved in the war
Sinking of the Lusitania
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2 ways American citizen helped with war efforts
Liberty Bonds and Victory Gardens
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Wilson's plan for peace after WWI
14 points
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Happen on November 11th, at 11:00AM 1918
Paris Peace Conference
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Treaty made after WWI. Planted seed for WWII
Treaty of Versailles
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14th point of the 14 points. US came up with it but did not join. Failed.
League of Nations
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Pres. Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover were all republican presidents of the 1920s and practiced
Lassie Faire
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