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Normal Vital Signs: RR, Pulse, BP
Newborn
- RR: 30-60/min
- P: 120-160 (180 when crying) bpm
- BP: 65/41 mmHg
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Normal Vital Signs: RR, Pulse, BP
1-4 yrs
- RR: 20-40/min
- P: 80-140 bpm
- BP: 90-99/60-65 mmHg
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Normal Vital Signs: RR, Pulse, BP
5-12 yrs
- RR: 15-25/min
- P: 70-115 bpm
- BP: 100-110/56-60
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Normal Vital Signs: RR, Pulse, BP
Adult
- RR: 12-20/min
- P: 60-100 bpm
- BP: <120/80 mmHg
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What is the diaphragm of the stethoscope used for?
Listening to high pitched sounds: lungs, bowel, heart (Place firmly on skin)
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What is the bell of the stethoscope used for?
Listening to low pitched sounds: heart murmur (Place lightly on skin)
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What do normal adult respirations look like?
4
- Costal (chest movement)
- Regular
- Expiration slower than inspiration
- 12-20/min
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What do neonate respirations look like?
3
- Diaphragmatic (abdominal movement)
- Irregular
- 30-60/min
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What is hyperventilation and what does it cause?
- Abnormally rapid, deep, and prolonged breathing
- Causes respiratory alkalosis due to reduction in CO2
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What is hypoventilation and what does it cause?
- Reduced ventilatory efficiency
- Causes respiratory acidosis due to elevation in CO2
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Orthopnea def?
Inability to breath when trunk is in upright position
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Pulse pressure def and normal range?
- Difference between systolic and diastolic
- Normal: 30-40 mmHg
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Hirsutism def?
Excess hair
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What is the Webner test?
3
- Assesses bone conduction
- Tuning fork placed in middle of forehead
- Should be heard equally in both ears
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What is the Rinne test?
3
- Compares bone conduction with air conduction
- Tuning fork placed on mastoid process, when sound no longer heard it's moved in front of ear canal
- Should still be able to hear sound
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How is the pinna pulled to examine ears?
- <3yrs: down and back
- >3yrs: up and back
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Pulse deficit def?
Difference between apical and radial pulses
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What is Homan's Sign?
- Tests for thrombophlebitis
- Pain in calf with dorsiflexion of foot
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Hyospadias def?
Meatus located on underside of penile shaft
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Epispadias def?
Meatus located on upper side of penile shaft
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