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stem cells
cells that have the ability to divide without limit and give rise to specialized cells
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somatic cell
in humans, each somatic cell has 23 pairs of cromosome
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muscular system
makes movement possible
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skeletal system
provides protection, form, and shape for the body' stores minerals and forms some blood cells
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cardiovascular system
delivers oxygen, nutrients, and vital substances throughout the body' transports cellular waste products to the lungs and kidneys for excretion
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lymphatic system
helps maintain the internal fluid environment' produces some types of blood cells' regulates immunity
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respiratory system
brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide and some water waste
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digestive system
provides the body with water, nutrients, and minerals' removes solid wastes
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urinary system
filters blood to remove wastes of cellular metabolism' maintains the electrolyte and fluid balance
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reproductive system
facilitates procreation
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intergunmentary system
provides external covering for protection; regulates the body temperature and water content
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nervous system
coordinates the reception of stimuli; transmits messages to stimulate movement
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endocrine system
secretes hormones and helps regulate body activities
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homeostasis
refers to the constant internal environment that is naturally maintained by the body
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ana-
upward, excessive or again
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-plasia
development or formation of tissue
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aplasia
the lack of development of an organ or tissue
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dysplasia
any abnormal development of tissues, recognized by cells that differ in size, shape, and apperance
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hypoplasia
underdevelopment of an organ or a tissue, and is less severe than aplasia
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hyperplasia
an abonormal increase in the number of normal cells in tissue
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hypertrophy
an increase in the size of an organ caused by an increase in the size of existing cells rather than the number of cells (as in hyperplasia)
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anaplasia
characteristic of malignant tumors. refers to a change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterizedf by a loss of differentiation and reversal to a more primitive form
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cephal/o
term is cephalad
meaning: toward the head
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caud/o
- term caudad
- meaning: toward the tail or in an inferior direction in human
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midsagittal plane
divides the body into two equal haves
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The dorsal cavity is divided into:
cranial and spinal cavities
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peritoneum
lines the abdominopelvic cavity and enfolds the internal organs
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what does acral mean?
pertaining to the extremities of the body
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acrodermatitis
dermatitis of the extremities
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acrocyanosis
cyanosis of the extremities
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acrohypothermy
abnormal coldness of the extremities
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acromegaly
abnormal enlargement of the body extremities
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thoracocentesis
thoracentesis
surgical puncture of the chest wall for aspiration of fluids
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abdominocentesis
paracentesis
surgical procedure that is performed to remove excess fluids from the abdominal cavity or to inject a therapeutic agent
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ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
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perintoitis
can result if infectious microorganisms gain access by way of surgical incisions or by the rupture or perforation of viscera or associated structures
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omphalocele
congenital herniation of the navel
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dactylography
is the study of fingerprints
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dactylospasm
means cramping of a finger or toe
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dactylitis
inflammation of the bones
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onychopathy
disease of the nails
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onlychomycosis
disease of the nails caused by a fungus
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metastasis
spreading from one part of the body to another part
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protozoa
simplest organims of the animal kingdom
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fungi
microorganisms that feed by absorbing organic molecules from their surroundings. They may be parasitic andmay invade living organic substances.
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virus
a minute microorganism that replicates only within a cell of a living plant or animal.
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