Medical Terminology Chapter 10

the largest part of the brain

elevated folds on the surface of the brain

narrow grooves on the surface of the brain

divides the cerebrum into right and left halves

the connection between the right and left hemispheres

recognizing faces, patterns, and three-dimensional structures. Analyzes the emotional content of words

performs mathematical and logical reasoning and problem solving. Coordinates the recall of memories and contains the speech center.

sense of taste

• -conscious though and intelligence
• -predicts future events 
• -coordinates and analyzes information from other lobes
• -exerts conscious, voluntary control over the skeletal muscles
• -coordinates the muscles of the mouth, lips, tongue, pharynx, and larynx

-analyzes sensory information about touch, temperature, vibration, and pain

-analyzes sensory information about taste

-analyzes sensory information about hearing. 

-analyzes sensory information about smells

analyzes sensory information about vision

located near the center of the cerebrum.  Relay station, receiving sensory information from the cranial nerves and the spinal column. Also deals with emotions

located below the thalamus.  Connected to the pituitary gland and functions as part of the endocrine and the nervous system.  Coordinates pons and mudulla oblongate, which controls heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. Also regulates body temperature, hunger, sex drive and circadian rhythm.

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

four interconnected cavities withing the brain.

produce cerebrospinal fluid (CFS)

the most superior part of the brainstem.  Coordinates immediate reflexes and muscle position. Contains the substantia nigra

located in the midbrain.  Produces dopamine and regulates muscle tone.

relay station that links nerve impulses from the spinal cord to the midbrain, hypothalamus, thalamus, and cerebrum.

the most inferior part of the brainstem.  Coordinates respiratory centers

inferior and posterior to the cerebrum.  receives sensory information about muscle tone and the position of the body and uses this to help maintain balance. Coordinates movement.

outermost meninges - a tough fibrous layer that protects the brain

middle meninges of the brain

beneath the arachnoid layer - filled with CFS and contains large, branching fibers that connect the arachnoid to the pia mater

the innermost layer of the meninges that contains a spider-weblike network of small blood vessels

a group of nerve roots located at the inferior end of the spinal column

sensory - receives sensory information about smells

sensory - receives sensory information about light, dark, and color from the rods and cones in the retina of the eye

motor - sends motor commands to four of the extraocular muscles to move the eye, eyelid and iris

motor - sends motor commands to one of the extraocular muscles to move the eye

sensory - receives sensory information about touch, temperature, vibration, and pain from the skin of the forehead, eyelids, eyebrows, face, nose, and lips and from the nasal cavity, oral cavity, gums, teeth, tongue, and palate

motor - sends motor commands to move the muscles for chewing

motor - sends motor commands to one of the extraocular muscles to move the eye

sensory - receives sensory information about taste (sweet, sour, bitter, etc.) from taste receptors in the front of the tongue

motor - sends motor commands to move the facial muscles. Lacrimal glands and submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

sensory - receives sensory information about sounds from the cochlea

sensory - receives sensory information about taste.  Receives sensory information about blood pressure and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood

motor - sends motor commands to move the muscles involved in swallowing. contracts the parotid gland to secrete saliva

sensory - receives sensory information about taste, touch, vibration, and pain from receptors in the ear, diaphragm and organs in the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

motor - sends motor commands to slow the heart rate.

motor - sends motor commands to move the muscles involved in swallowing. Moves the vocal cords.  Moves the muscles of the upper back and neck

motor - sends motor commands to move the tongue

posterior - receive sensory information from the skin.

anterior - carry motor commands from the spinal cord to skeletal muscles and involuntary smooth muscles within organs, glands and other structures

carry nerve impulses to the spinal cord

they carry nerve impulses from the spinal cord to the body.

cells with branches that radiate outward like a star.  They support the dendrites of neurons and connect them to capillaries.

cells that move throughout the tissues of the brain and spinal cord. They engulf and destroy dead tissue and pathogens

perform specialized tasks to help neurons do their work

cells that provide structural support and produce myelin that surrounds the larger axons of neurons in the brain and spinal cord

cells that produce myelin that surrounds the larger axons of neurons of the cranial nerves and the spinal nerves

multiple branching structures at the beginning of the neuron

directs cellular activities

an elongated extension of cytoplasm at the end of the neuron