The flashcards below were created by user
skoolj
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
Thinking
The manipulation of mental representations of information.
-
Mental Images
Representations in the mind of an object or event.
-
Concepts
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, or people.
-
Prototypes
Typical, highly representative examples of a concept.
-
Syllogistic Reasoning
Formal reasoning in which people draw a conclusion from a set of assumptions.
-
Algorithm
A rule that, if applied appropriately, guarantees a solution to a problem.
-
Heuristic
A thinking strategy that may lead us to a solution to a problem or decision, but - unlike algorithms - may sometimes lead to errors.
-
Means-ends Analysis
Involves repeated tests for differences between the desired outcome and what currently exists.
-
Insight
A sudden awareness of the relationships among various elements that had previously appeared to be independent of one another.
-
Functional Fixedness
The tendency to think of an object only in terms of its typical use.
-
Mental Set
The tendency for old patterns of problem solving to persist.
-
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to seek out and weight more heavily information that supports one's initial hypotheses and to ignore contradictory information that supports alternative hypotheses or solutions.
-
Creativity
The ability to generate original ideas or solve problems in novel ways.
-
Divergent Thinking
The ability to generate unusual, yet nonetheless appropriate, responses to problems or questions.
-
Convergent Thinking
The ability to produce responses that are based primarily on knowledge and logic.
-
Language
The communication of information through symbols arranged according to systematic rules.
-
Grammar
The system of rules that determine how our thoughts can be expressed.
-
Phonology
The study of the smallest units of speech, called phonemes.
-
Phonemes
The smallest units of speech.
-
Syntax
Ways in which words and phrases can be combined to form sentences.
-
Semantics
The rules governing the meaning of words and sentences.
-
Babble
Meaningless speechlike sounds made by children from around the age of 3 months and through 1 year.
-
Telegraphic Speech
Sentences in which words not critical to the message are left out.
-
Overgeneralization
The phenomenon by which children apply language rules even when the application results in an error.
-
Learning-theory approach (to language development)
The theory that language acquisition follows the principles of reinforcement and conditioning.
-
Nativist Approach (to language development)
The theory that a genetically determined, innate mechanism directs language development.
-
Universal Grammar
Noam Chomsky's theory that all the world's languages share a common underlying structure.
-
Language-Acquisition Device
A neural system of the brain hypothesized by Noam Chomsky to permit understanding of language.
-
Interactionist Approach (to language development)
The view that language development is produced through a combination of genetically determined predispositions and environmental circumstances that help teach language.
-
Linguistic-Relativity Hypothesis
The notion that language shapes and may determine the way people in a particular culture perceive and understand the world.
|
|