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pancreas
maintains blood glucose levels
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insulin
- stimulates cells to take up glucose
- liver to take up glucose and store it as glycogen
- decreases glucose levels in blood stream
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glucagon
liver breaks down stored glycogen into glucose and then released into bld stream increasing bld glucose levels
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gonads
primary sex organs
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estrogen
secreted by ovaries to promote development of female characteristics and contributes to development of reproductive system
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progesterone
along w estrogen helps maintain uterine lining during pregnancy
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testosterone
triggers development of male sexual characteristics and also sustains sperm production
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patient assessment
CPPRFPG
Can pregnant Peggy really fly pigs good?
- complete health history
- present illness/chief complaint: intake, elimination, energy level, bd perception, reproductive and sexual function
- past medical hx
- review of systems
- functional assessment: disruption of lifestyle due to symptoms? change in ht/wt? diet?
- physical assessment: general observations, mental status, skin appearance, ht/wt, vitals
- gerontologic assessment: normal for age?
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pit gland
xray ct mri
can detect tumor
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pit gland
cerebral angiography
may reveal aneurysms, or arteriovenous malformations bc vascular anomalies can interfere w supply of bld in brain and lead to pit damage
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pit gland
glucose tolerance test
- check for gh suppression
- retionale: glucose will suppress gh levels through a neg fdback system. normal= gh falls less than 5mg/Ml (from original measures). hyperpituitarism= large decreases in gh occur (positive result)
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adrenal gland tests for
serum/urine cortisol
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serum/urine cortisol decreased
addison disease
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decreased fasting glucose
addison dis
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24 hr urine test
reflects steroid secretion
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plasma acth
- acth decreased: pit gland at fault (not producing adequately)
- acth increased: adrenal gland at fault ( unable to respond)
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adrenal ekg
reflect electrolyte imbalance
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adrenal pqrst wave
peaked t wave, wide qrs, increased pr interval
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adrenal radiographic
skull films, ct scans, mri to r/o causitive factors,
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adrenal abd imaging
may detect atrophy of adrenal glands
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thyroid lab bld tests
- empolying radioactive iodine
- serum t3, free t4, t4, and tsh
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thyroid scan
- ingest rai, scan area of thyroid gland to measure how much is taken up by thyroid.
- high uptake: hyperthyroidism
- low uptake: hypothyroidism
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increased t3
graves dis, toxic adenoma, toxic nodular goiter
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increased t4
hyperthyroidism and excess thyroid replacement hormone
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decreased t3 and t4
hypothyroidism
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increased tsh
hypothyroidism
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decreased tsh
hyperthyroidism
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parathyroid gland blood tests
ca, phosphate, creatinine, uric acid, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, pth
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parathyroid gland
24 hr urine
determine how much ca is excreted
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parathyroid radiographic
demineralization of bones, bone cysts, tumors
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parathyroid ekg
ca imbalance can cause alterations in electrical activity of heart
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what does a high tsh and low t4 indicate?
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