Respiratory

double walled serous membrane that encloses each lung

incapable of gas exchange between air and circulatory system

anterior openings of nasal cavity

converts carbon dioxide to carbonic acid

two muscles or muscle groups, responsible for resting (non-forced) inspiration

identify the components of a respiratory membrane

a deficiency of of oxygen in a tissue

characterized by a reduction in the number of cilia lining the airway, and increased mucous production

enzyme found in erythrocyte that catalyzes the decomposition of carbonic acid into carbon dioxide and water or reverse reaction

the nasal septum is composed of ....

tertiary bronchi channel overflow to the .....

most of the surface area for gas exchange within the respiratory system is found within the ....

responsible for generating sound within the larynx

list the correct order of more proximal airways to more distal airways

Which of these is NOT a paranasal sinus?
A)sphenoidal sinus
B)mastoid sinus
C)maxillary sinus
D)frontal sinus
E)ethmoidal sinus

Which of these structures prevents the movement of swallowed materials into the larynx?
A)middle nasal conchae
B)epiglottis
C)vestibular folds
D)uvula
E)both b and c

Arrange the following structures in the correct order as air passes through them traveling from the bronchi:
1. alveolar duct
2. alveolus
3. respiratory bronchiole
4. terminal bronchiole

For inspiration during labored breathing, which of these muscles is NOT contracted?A)diaphragm
B)external intercostal muscles
C)internal intercostal muscles
D)pectoralis minor muscles
E)sternocleidomastoid muscles

Visceral pleura is found
A)inside the terminal bronchioles.
B)on the surface of the lung.
C)on the walls of the thorax, diaphragm, and mediastinum.
D)in the trachea and bronchi.

Besides lubricating the visceral and parietal pleura, pleural fluid also
A)holds the visceral and parietal pleural membranes together.
B)prevents the lungs from overinflating.
C)helps fill the pleural cavity.
D)prevents the lungs from leaking.
E)increases diffusion rates in the lungs.

Lung recoil occurs because of elastic fibers in the alveolar walls and
A)pleural pressure.
B)surfactant secretion in the alveoli.
C)barometric pressure.
D)the pneumothorax principle.
E)surface tension of the fluid that lines the alveoli.

At the end of normal inspiration, which of these pressures is the most negative?A)alveolar
B)barometric
C)partial
D)pleural
E)tracheal

Which of these lung volumes/capacities is the largest?
A)expiratory reserve volume
B)inspiratory reserve volume
C)residual volume
D)tidal volume
E)vital capacity

The partial pressure of oxygen in the air is __________ than the partial pressure of carbon dioxide; the solubility of oxygen in water is __________ than the solubility of carbon dioxide in water.
A)lower, lower
B)lower, higher
C)greater, higher
D)greater, lower

If pH decreases, PCO2 increases, or temperature increases, the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin
A)remains unchanged.
B)increases.
C)decreases.

Which of these factors increases respiratory rate?
A)increased blood PCO2
B)all of these
C)increased pH of cerebrospinal fluid
D)increased blood pH
E)increased blood PO2

The most important factor for regulating respiratory rate is
A)bicarbonate level in the blood.
B)oxygen level in the blood.
C)CO2 level in the blood.
D)urea concentration in the blood.

Which of these statements concerning respiration is NOT true?
A)Higher brain centers can modify the activity of the respiratory center.
B)A decrease in pH of the blood increases respiration rate.
C)The Bohr effect allows carbon dioxide to bind more easily to hemoglobin that has released its oxygen.D)An increase in carbon dioxide in the blood causes pH to decrease.
E)Low oxygen levels in the blood increase respiration rate.