double walled serous membrane that encloses each lung
pleura
incapable of gas exchange between air and circulatory system
conducting division
anterior openings of nasal cavity
nostrils , nares
converts carbon dioxide to carbonic acid
carbonic anhydrase
two muscles or muscle groups, responsible for resting (non-forced) inspiration
diaphragm, external intercostals
identify the components of a respiratory membrane
endothelial cell capillary
type 1 cell (squamous)
one shared basal lamina
a deficiency of of oxygen in a tissue
hypoxia
characterized by a reduction in the number of cilia lining the airway, and increased mucous production
Chronic bronchitis
enzyme found in erythrocyte that catalyzes the decomposition of carbonic acid into carbon dioxide and water or reverse reaction
carbonic anhydrase
the nasal septum is composed of ....
hyaline cartilage
bone tissue
tertiary bronchi channel overflow to the .....
bronchopulmonary segments of the lobe of the lung
most of the surface area for gas exchange within the respiratory system is found within the ....
alveoli of the lungs
responsible for generating sound within the larynx
vocal cords
vocal folds
list the correct order of more proximal airways to more distal airways
primary bronchus
secondary bronchus
tertiary bronchus
terminal bronchus
respiratory bronchus
Which of these is NOT a paranasal sinus?
B) mastoid sinus
Which of these structures prevents the movement of swallowed materials into the larynx?
E)
Arrange the following structures in the correct order as air passes through them traveling from the bronchi:
1. alveolar duct
2. alveolus
3. respiratory bronchiole
4. terminal bronchiole
4,3,1,2
For inspiration during labored breathing, which of these muscles is NOT contracted?A)diaphragm
B)external intercostal muscles
C)internal intercostal muscles
D)pectoralis minor muscles
E)sternocleidomastoid muscles
sternocleidomastoid
Visceral pleura is found
A)inside the terminal bronchioles.
B)on the surface of the lung.
C)on the walls of the thorax, diaphragm, and mediastinum.
D)in the trachea and bronchi.
on the surface of the lung
Besides lubricating the visceral and parietal pleura, pleural fluid also
C) holds the visceral and parietal pleural membranes together.
Lung recoil occurs because of elastic fibers in the alveolar walls and
E) surface tension of the fluid that lines the alveoli.
At the end of normal inspiration, which of these pressures is the most negative?A)alveolar
B)barometric
C)partial
D)pleural
E)tracheal
pleural
Which of these lung volumes/capacities is the largest?
A)expiratory reserve volume
B)inspiratory reserve volume
C)residual volume
D)tidal volume
E)vital capacity
vital capacity
The partial pressure of oxygen in the air is __________ than the partial pressure of carbon dioxide; the solubility of oxygen in water is __________ than the solubility of carbon dioxide in water.
B) greater, lower
If pH decreases, PCO2 increases, or temperature increases, the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin
C) decreases.
Which of these factors increases respiratory rate?
D) increased blood PCO2
The most important factor for regulating respiratory rate is
A)bicarbonate level in the blood.
B)oxygen level in the blood.
C)CO2 level in the blood.
D)urea concentration in the blood.
CO2 level in the blood.
Which of these statements concerning respiration is NOT true?
A)Higher brain centers can modify the activity of the respiratory center.
B)A decrease in pH of the blood increases respiration rate.
C)The Bohr effect allows carbon dioxide to bind more easily to hemoglobin that has released its oxygen.D)An increase in carbon dioxide in the blood causes pH to decrease.
E)Low oxygen levels in the blood increase respiration rate.
The Bohr effect allows carbon dioxide to bind more easily to hemoglobin that has released its oxygen.