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Describe and provide examples of electrostatic and magnetostatic phenomena
- electrostatic:
- friction from rubbing a balloon against hair draws electrons from the hair onto the surface of the balloons because the material of the balloon has a greater affinity for electrons than the hair does
- shock - spark of static electricity caused by a sudden electrostatic discharge
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Predict charges or poles based on attraction/repulsion observations
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Build a simple compass and use it to determine direction of magnetic fields, including the Earth’s magnetic field
- lay a magnetized sewing needle on a thin slice of cork and let the cork float in a glass of water
- magnetize sewing needle by stroking it along a magnet about 50 times in the same direction
- needle will point towards north
- compass shows the direction of magnetic field
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Relate electric currents to magnetic fields and describe the application of these relationships, such as in electromagnets, electric current generators, motors, and transformers
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Design and interpret simple series and parallel circuits
- simple series circuit:
- wires through which electrical charge flows
- a battery or power supply to provide the voltage to push charge around the circuit
- a switch to interrupt the current
- a resistor
- a light bulb which works when the current flows through it
- connected in a simple loop
- parallel circuits:
- the electrical current flows in two or more closed paths simultaneously
- two branches of circuit are independent
- if one component fails, the rest do not work
- as components are added, the resistance in the circuit increases and the current through the circuit is reduced
- as components are added, more energy is drawn from the power supply
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Define and calculate power, voltage differences, current, and resistance in simple circuits
- voltage:
- current: the sum of the current in each loop of a multi-loop circuit must add up to the total
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