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Classic pathway-
IgG or IgM mediated.
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Alternative pathway-.
microbe surface molecules
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Lectin pathway-.
mannose or other sugars on microbe surface
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-
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C5a-
neutrophil chemotaxis.
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C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency
hereditary angioedema. ACE inhibitors are contraindicated.
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C3 deficiency
- severe, recurrent pyogenic sinus and respiratory tract infections; increases
- susceptibility to type III hypersensitivity reactions.
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C5-C9 deficiencies
leads to recurrent Neisseria bacteremia.
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DAF (GPI anchored enzyme) deficiency
leads to complement-mediated lysis of RBCs and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).
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"Hot T-Bone stEAk":IL-l: fever (hot).IL-2: stimulates T cells.IL-3: stimulates Bone marrow.IL-4: stimulates IgE production.IL-5: stimulates IgA production.
.
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SECRETED BY MACROPHAGES
IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-a
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SECRETED BY ALL T CELLS
IL-2, IL-3
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FROM Th1 CELLS
lnterferon-gamma
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FROM Th2 CELLS
IL-5, IL-10
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IL-1
An endogenous pyrogen. Causes fever,acute inflammation. Activates endotheliumto express adhesion molecules; induceschemokine secretion to recruit leukocytes.
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IL-6
An endogenous pyrogen. Also secreted by Th2cells. Causes fever and stimulates productionof acute-phase proteins.
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IL-8
Major chemotactic factor for neutrophils.
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IL-12
Induces differentiation of T cells into Th1 cells.Activates NK cells. Also secreted by B cells.
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TN F-a
Mediates septic shock. Activates endothelium.Causes leukocyte recruitment, vascular leak.
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IL-2
Stimulates growth of helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T cells.
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IL-3
Supports the growth and differentiation of bonemarrow stem cells. Functions like GM-CSF.
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lnterferon-y
Activates macrophages and T h1 cells.Suppresses Th2 cells. Has antiviral andantitumor properties.
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IL-4
Induces differentiation into Th2 cells. Promotes growth of B cells. Enhances class switching to IgE and IgG.
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IL-5
Promotes differentiation of B cells. Enhances class switching to IgA. Stimulates the growth and differentiation of eosinophils.
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IL-10
Modulates inflammatory response. Inhibits actions of activated T cells and Th1 . Also secreted by regulatory T cells.
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TGF- B
has similar actions to IL-10, because it isinvolved in inhibiting inflammation.
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a- and B interferons
inhibit viral protein synthesis.
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y-interferons
increase MHC I and II expression anda ntigen presentation in all cells.
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