foundations test 2

is a composite, a mixture of ideas or concepts taken from any number of theories and used together

a set of interrelated concepts, definition and propositions that presents a systematic view of events or situations by specifying relations among variables in order to explain and predict the events of the situations

• concepts 
• when a concept has been developed created or adopted for use with a specific theory it is a construct 
• the operational form of a construct is known as a variable

it provides direction and organizes knowledge into a pattern so that facts information data observed activities and learnings are interconnected in a manner which takes on meaning that would not exist in isolation 

helps health education specialists plan, implement, and evaluate programs

provides a useful reference point to help keep research and implementation activities clearly focused

lawrence green and marshall krueter

James O Prochaska and Carlo DiClemente

Albert Bandura

neiger, and thackeray

Icek Ajzen and Martin fishbein

roger

• Irving Janis and Leon Man.
• Then Neil D. Weinstein extended studies on PAPM.

hockhaum, rosenstock, kegels

is a model and guideline designed to create ways and ideas to improve all types of health related problems in the community

• 1- social assessment 
• 2- epidemiological assessment 
• 3- educational and ecological assessment 
• 4- administrative and policay assessment and intervention alignment 
• 5- implementation 
• 6- procdss evaluation 
• 7- impact evaluation 
• 8- outcome evaluation

1- needs assessment= includes scientific, epidemiological, behavioral and social analysis of a priority population or community and an effort to get to know and understand the character of the priority population 

2- matices of change objectives= specifies who and what will change as a result of the intervention 

3- theory-based methods and practical strategies= planners work to identify theory- based interventions and strategies that hold the greatest promise to change the health behaviors of individuals in the priority population 

4- program= planners create the intervention details and materials needed for the programs implementation 

5- adoption and implementation= focus is on what will be done by whom among planners or program partners 

6- evaluation planning= planners decide if determinants were well specified

develop effective programs when general priorities have been determined for a certain population 

aim at a variety of objectives and individuals 

socio-ecological planning approach

phase 1= health goals selection= select health status goals, select high-priority population, identify health behavior goals, identify environmental factor goals 

phase 2= intervention planning= identify the targets of the intervention, select intervention objectives, identify mediators of the intervention objectives, select intervention approaches

phase 3= program development= create program units or components, select or develop curricula and create intervention guides, develop session plans, create or acquire instructional material, products, resources

phase 4= implementation preparations= facilitate adoption, implementation, and maintenance, select and train implementers 

phase 5= evaluation= conduct process evaluation, measure impact, monitor outcome

• 1- mobilize the community 
• 2- collect and organize data
• 3-choose health priorties 
• 4- develop comprehensive intervention plan 
• 5- evaluate patch and interventions

consumers

• 1-preliminary planning= identify problem
• 2-consumer analysis= identify consumer wants 
• 3-market analysis= assess the market 
• 4-channel analysis =identify appropriate communication strategies 
• 5- develop interventions, material and pretest= develop program intervetions and materials 
• 6- implementation= communitcate with partners and clarify everything 
• 7- evaluation= assess the immediate impact, refine what is needed

• diabetes 
• violence prevention 
• suicide prevention 
• cardiovascular disease 
• emergency risk communication 
• tobacco prevention and control 
• social marketing 
• STD prevention 
• micronutients 
• immunizations

perceived susceptibility seriousness of disease

-age sex ethnicity, personality, socio-economicss, knowledge 

-percieved threat of disease 

-cues to action= education, symptoms, media informations

-percieved benefits versus barrier to behavioral change 

-likelihood of behavioral change

an interpersonal theory that addresses individuals intentions to perform a given behavior as a function of their attitude toward performing the behavior, their beliefs about what is relevant, what others think they should do and their perception of the case or difficulty in performing the behavior

• -behavioral beliefs 
• -attitude toward a behavior 
• -normative beliefs
• -subjective norm= determined by normative beliefs 
• -control beliefs 
• -perceived behavioral control= determined by control beliefs 
• -intention= based on attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control 
• - behavior 
• - actual behavior control

• -precontemplation (not ready)
• -contemplation (getting ready)
• -preparation (ready) 
• -action 
• -maintenance

environmental factors influence individuals and groups can also influence their environments and regulate their own behavior

• –Perceived
• susceptibility
• –Perceived
• seriousness
• –Perceived
• barriers
• –Perceived
• benefits
• –Cues to action
• –Self-efficacy

• –Innovators (-2 sd from mean)
• (2-3%)
• –Early adopters
• (-2 to -1 sd from mean) (14%)
• –Early majority
• (-1 sd to mean) (34%)
• –Late majority= skeptical people who dont get involved until a lot of people do 
• (mean to +1 sd) (34%)
• –Laggards= last ones to get involved in an innovation 
• (>+1 sd) (16%)

PAPM ( Precaution adoption process model)

product, price, place, and promotion

• -assessing needs 
• -setting goals and objectives 
• -developing an intervention 
• -implementing the intervention 
• -evaluation the results

by david Kolb

- experience as the source of learning and development

• community organizing and building 
• organizational change 
• diffusion theory 
• community readiness model

behavior change thoeries that consists of an ordered set of categories into which people can be classified

behavior change theories that identify variables that influence actions and combin them into a single equation that predicts the likelihood of action

confidence in ones own ability to perform a certain task of function

is a stage theory for communities, and the communities carious stages of readiness for change 

-deal with group processes and group organization