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model
is a composite, a mixture of ideas or concepts taken from any number of theories and used together
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theory
a set of interrelated concepts, definition and propositions that presents a systematic view of events or situations by specifying relations among variables in order to explain and predict the events of the situations
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primary elements of a theory
- concepts
- when a concept has been developed created or adopted for use with a specific theory it is a construct
- the operational form of a construct is known as a variable
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the importance of using theory in health education/ promotion
it provides direction and organizes knowledge into a pattern so that facts information data observed activities and learnings are interconnected in a manner which takes on meaning that would not exist in isolation
helps health education specialists plan, implement, and evaluate programs
provides a useful reference point to help keep research and implementation activities clearly focused
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originators of precede- proceed- planning model
lawrence green and marshall krueter
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originators of transtheoretical (TTM, stages of change) -behavior model
James O Prochaska and Carlo DiClemente
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Originator of social cognitive theory- behavior theory
Albert Bandura
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originators of SMART- planning model
neiger, and thackeray
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originators of theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior- behavior thoery
Icek Ajzen and Martin fishbein
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originator of diffusion of innovations- behavior model
roger
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originator of PAPM (Precaution
Adoption Process Model)- planning model
- Irving Janis and Leon Man.
- Then Neil D. Weinstein extended studies on PAPM.
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originator of health belief model- behavior model
hockhaum, rosenstock, kegels
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precede-proceed
is a model and guideline designed to create ways and ideas to improve all types of health related problems in the community
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phases of precede- proceed
- 1- social assessment
- 2- epidemiological assessment
- 3- educational and ecological assessment
- 4- administrative and policay assessment and intervention alignment
- 5- implementation
- 6- procdss evaluation
- 7- impact evaluation
- 8- outcome evaluation
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phases of intervention mapping
1- needs assessment= includes scientific, epidemiological, behavioral and social analysis of a priority population or community and an effort to get to know and understand the character of the priority population
2- matices of change objectives= specifies who and what will change as a result of the intervention
3- theory-based methods and practical strategies= planners work to identify theory- based interventions and strategies that hold the greatest promise to change the health behaviors of individuals in the priority population
4- program= planners create the intervention details and materials needed for the programs implementation
5- adoption and implementation= focus is on what will be done by whom among planners or program partners
6- evaluation planning= planners decide if determinants were well specified
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purpose of MATCH (multilevel approach to community health)
develop effective programs when general priorities have been determined for a certain population
aim at a variety of objectives and individuals
socio-ecological planning approach
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phases of MATCH
phase 1= health goals selection= select health status goals, select high-priority population, identify health behavior goals, identify environmental factor goals
phase 2= intervention planning= identify the targets of the intervention, select intervention objectives, identify mediators of the intervention objectives, select intervention approaches
phase 3= program development= create program units or components, select or develop curricula and create intervention guides, develop session plans, create or acquire instructional material, products, resources
phase 4= implementation preparations= facilitate adoption, implementation, and maintenance, select and train implementers
phase 5= evaluation= conduct process evaluation, measure impact, monitor outcome
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phases of PATCH (planned approach to community health)
- 1- mobilize the community
- 2- collect and organize data
- 3-choose health priorties
- 4- develop comprehensive intervention plan
- 5- evaluate patch and interventions
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main focus of smart is for...
consumers
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smart 7 phases
- 1-preliminary planning= identify problem
- 2-consumer analysis= identify consumer wants
- 3-market analysis= assess the market
- 4-channel analysis =identify appropriate communication strategies
- 5- develop interventions, material and pretest= develop program intervetions and materials
- 6- implementation= communitcate with partners and clarify everything
- 7- evaluation= assess the immediate impact, refine what is needed
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CDCynergy editions/options
- diabetes
- violence prevention
- suicide prevention
- cardiovascular disease
- emergency risk communication
- tobacco prevention and control
- social marketing
- STD prevention
- micronutients
- immunizations
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Health belief model individual perceptions
perceived susceptibility seriousness of disease
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Health Belief Model modifying factors
-age sex ethnicity, personality, socio-economicss, knowledge
-percieved threat of disease
-cues to action= education, symptoms, media informations
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health belief model likelihood of action
-percieved benefits versus barrier to behavioral change
-likelihood of behavioral change
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theory of planned behavior
an interpersonal theory that addresses individuals intentions to perform a given behavior as a function of their attitude toward performing the behavior, their beliefs about what is relevant, what others think they should do and their perception of the case or difficulty in performing the behavior
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components of theory of planned behavior
- -behavioral beliefs
- -attitude toward a behavior
- -normative beliefs
- -subjective norm= determined by normative beliefs
- -control beliefs
- -perceived behavioral control= determined by control beliefs
- -intention= based on attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control
- - behavior
- - actual behavior control
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5 phases of the transtheorectical model (TTM)
- -precontemplation (not ready)
- -contemplation (getting ready)
- -preparation (ready)
- -action
- -maintenance
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reciprocal determinism- social cognitive theory
environmental factors influence individuals and groups can also influence their environments and regulate their own behavior
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health belief model constructs
- –Perceived
- susceptibility
- –Perceived
- seriousness
- –Perceived
- barriers
- –Perceived
- benefits
- –Cues to action
- –Self-efficacy
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diffusion of innovation classifications
- –Innovators (-2 sd from mean)
- (2-3%)
- –Early adopters
- (-2 to -1 sd from mean) (14%)
- –Early majority
- (-1 sd to mean) (34%)
- –Late majority= skeptical people who dont get involved until a lot of people do
- (mean to +1 sd) (34%)
- –Laggards= last ones to get involved in an innovation
- (>+1 sd) (16%)
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theory which developed out of persons decision to have home radon tested
PAPM ( Precaution adoption process model)
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smart model 4 P's of market analysis
product, price, place, and promotion
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general model for program planning
- -assessing needs
- -setting goals and objectives
- -developing an intervention
- -implementing the intervention
- -evaluation the results
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experiential learning theory
by david Kolb
- experience as the source of learning and development
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community theories
- community organizing and building
- organizational change
- diffusion theory
- community readiness model
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stage theory
behavior change thoeries that consists of an ordered set of categories into which people can be classified
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non-stage theory aka continuum theories
behavior change theories that identify variables that influence actions and combin them into a single equation that predicts the likelihood of action
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self efficacy
confidence in ones own ability to perform a certain task of function
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community readiness
is a stage theory for communities, and the communities carious stages of readiness for change
-deal with group processes and group organization
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