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CoBB
When a bathroom floor collapes, itis most often a _____ collapse.
Local
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CoBB
The seriosness of a floor collapse depends upon the _______ to fail.
First Structure
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CoBB
Failure of a _______ supporting a ______ is the most devastating type of floor collapse. Because it may trigger the collapse of the entire building.
Column, Girder
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CoBB
The 3 most common types of sloping roofs are the _____, ______, and ______.
Gable, Gambrel, and Hip
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CoBB
_______ tie opposing sloping roof rafters together to help resist the otward thrust of the rafters at the eaves.
Collar Beams
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CoBB
What type of roofs structural members consist of two bearing walls and a ridge pole?
Gable Roof
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CoBB
What type of roofs structural members consist of only two bearing walls?
Flat Roof
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CoBB
What roofs structural members consist of two bearing walls, one ridgepole and four hip rafters?
Hip Roof
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CoBB
Name the tree most common types of wood construction used for sloping roofs.
- *Timber Truss
- *Plank and beam
- *Rafter
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CoBB
One slate or tile shingles can be ______ thick and weigh up to ____.
2" and 10 lbs
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CoBB
A roof or floor which has the structural members spaced several feet apart. Creats a _____ effect.
Springboard
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CoBB
The stability of the roof deck depends on the number of _____ running purpendicular to the trusses.
Purlins
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CoBB
Roof covering can be devided into two categories which are ____ and _____ coverings.
- *Built-up Roof covrings
- *Prepared roof coverings
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CoBB
Timber is wooden construct6ion larger than __ but not large enough to be classified as ___.
2x4, Heavy Timber
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CoBB
The most common connector for a timber truss roof is the ______ connector.
Split ring metal
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CoBB
The most common timber truss roof is the ______ timber truss.
Bowstring
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CoBB
How many Bearing walls does a bowstring truss roof have?
4
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CoBB
Openings in a wall weaken its _______ capacity and permit _____.
Load bearing, Fire spread
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CoBB
During a fire, ______ of a truss is the key to a safe operation.
Early identification
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CoBB
A large space, created by the concave underside of a bowstring roof which collect the heat and smoke is called a _________.
Heat Sink
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CoBB
When the I.C. recieves conflicting reports from interior and roof crews in a bowstring truss building, Which report is the more important?
The roof crews
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CoBB
In a timber truss bldg., the main fire will be in the ______.
Roof Structure, not the content below
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CoBB
In what way do web members w/ fire retarding materials react differently in refernce to collapse then those w/o fire retarding materials?
- With= trusses fail one at a time
- Without= the entire roof will fail at once
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CoBB
Roof ventilation is a _______ tactics in an occupied bldg.
Life saving
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CoBB
When evacuating a truss roof, firefightes should retreat in a direction ______ to the roof trusses.
Perpendicular
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What 2 things does a firefighter need to determine a roofs stability?
- * Knowledge of a roofs construction
- * Experiance in fire size-up
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Flat roofs are supported in what 3 ways?
- * Solid Beams
- * Parrallel chord
- * Open-web steel bar joist
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Lightweight roof joist (parallel cord wood) may be expected to fail after about _____ inn a fully developed fire.
10 minutes
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A stell bar joist system may collapse after _____ of exposure to fire.
5-10 minutes
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What type of ventilation should be used w/ fire buildings which have steel joist or parallel chourd roof system?
Horizontal
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When a roof has a interventing space in which the roof deck is resting on a smaller wood framework which is built above the main roof supports, it is called a ____ or _____ roof.
RAISED OR INVERTED
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FF's operating on a roof should continuosly beaware of an ______ and should never allow fire to ______ and their roof position.
- * Emergency escape route
- * Get between their escape route
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A change in roof joist _____ and failure characteristics of ______ steel must be viewed by FFs as an extremely hazardous change in roof construction.
Spacing, Unprotected
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Lightwieght steel bar joist encased in a fire-protective material has a fire-resistive rating of up to______ .
4 hours
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Depending on the size of the steel and the roof load, open web steel bar joist can be spaced up to ______ apart.
8 feet
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What 4 factoprs dtermine the speed w/ which unprotected steel will fail during a fire?
- * Temperature of fire
- * Size of fire
- * Load stress
- * Steel thickness
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The failure temp. of steel is ______, at which point it losses approx. _____ of its load carrying capacity.
1100*F, 40%
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When heated to 1100* F the lenght of a steel member increases approx.???
1 inch every 10 feet
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Refering to stress factor, the _________ the supported load, the ______ a structural steel member can fail.
greater, faster
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Name the 2 common types of roof decks used above the corragated steel deck of a bar joist roof.
- Precast concrete plank
- Lightyweight insulation
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The ______ shows the temp. rise of a standard test fire used to measure the fire performance of construction assemblies.
Time-temp curve
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Two types of wood truss systems are?
Lightwieght and heavy timber
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In a heavy timber roof construction, the dimension must be at least ____ wide and ____ deep.
4 inches wide, 6 inches deep
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In ANY structural element, the critical area subject to failure during a fire is the ____.
Point of connection
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A flat floor or floor suported by lightweight truss will allow fire spread faster throughout the concealed space then one supported by a ________.
Solid Beam
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What 2 broad categories can ceilings be devided into?
- Those affixed to floor joist above
- suspended
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What are 3 common types of suspended ceilings?
- *Wood gridw/ affixed ceiling
- *Metal grid w/ affixed ceiling
- *Lightwieght metal grid w/removable panels
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The additional suspended ceiling and the holes that accompany them create a _______ effect which provides for vertical spread of fire.
Honeycomb
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Lieghtweight metal grid systems weigh approx. ____ psf, while the other two can weigh up to ________psf.
1 psf, 10 psf
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The most important first step for the rescue of a FF trapped beneath a ceiling is to sweep the collapse area above the ceiling with a _____
Hose line to knock down flames
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A ______ may be used to temporarily shore up a weakened ceiling.
Portable ladder
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When effecting a rescue for a FF trapped in a rear of a store. the entry should be made from________.
Adjoining Stores
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The ___ is the safest area in a wooden interior and logically the best avenue for inital fire attack.
Stairway
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Name 3 types of stairs?
- U return
- L shaped
- Straight run
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A ________ stair is most often constructed of wood and found in____ where as the _____________stair is most often constructed w/ a steel frame and is preferred in modern buildings.
L-shaped, residential home,U-turn
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An L-shaped stair breaks up the stair climb at the middle of the rise w/ an intermediate landing.
True/False
False (U-return)
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Weather or not a stair will collapse w/ a floor depends on the _______.
Stair design
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The most serious injuries resulting from a U-return stair collapse occur at the ______.
Intermediate Landing
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The most frequent cuase of collapse of a U-return stair w/ stone treads, a FF should place the middle of his foot on the _____ directly over the______.
Stone Tread, riser
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On a ______ stair, there are no soffits.
U-return
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The most fequent cause of collapse of a U-return stair is the failure of the stone____ or ____.
Tread or step
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Name the 3 classifications of fire escapes?
- *Exterior Screened Stairway
- * party balcony
- * Standard w/ mechanical street ladder
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The cause of most injuries due to fire escape collapse is?
Step Failure
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The sfest type of fire escape is?
Exterior Screened Stairway
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The hazard of the _______ is collapse from overlading or failure of the supports.
Party Balcony
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The most common type of fire escape on a residential building ia?
Standard Fire escape
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The most frequent cause of injury to FF's using standard fire escape is?
Step Collapse
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Where should a FF position himself when a lowering a drop ladder?
Beneath the Fire escape
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Firefighters should remember that a broken or missing step_______________.
Serves as a warning.
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A _____ Collapse may not exhibit any structural warnings before its collapse.
Inward/Outward
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Structures w/ _____ walls rarely have more than one wall collapse at a time except in case of ______.
Masonry, explosion
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Of the 3 types of wood frame buildings, ____ buildings present the greatest firefghter danger.
Braced-framed
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Name the 2 less common types of wood frame construction.
Log Cabin, Plank and Beam
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WHat are the 2 indicators of a building of brace-frame construction?
- *Mortise and tenon joints
- *large timbers
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What 3 factors contribute to the inward/outward collapse of a braced-framed building?
- *Failure at the mortise and tenon
- *Exterior wall overload
- *Destruction of bearing walls
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In peaked roof bldgs, bearing bearing walls support the majority of the ________ that are parrallel to the _______.
Roof rafters, ridgepole
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In flat-roofed wood bldgs the bearing walls are ussually the walls with the _______.
Greatest Dimension
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The exterior wall of a wood frame bldg can be weakened by the weight of_______.
A metal fire escape/ ladder
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During a fire, the wall supporting a metal fire escape must be considered a ____.
Structural danger
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Name the two types of masonry surfaces applied to outside walls of old wood bldgs.
- *Brick and mortor veneer
- *Stucco
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Name 2 types of framework for high=rise structures.
- * Structural Steel
- * Reinforced Concrete
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Reinforced concrete bldgs are built w/ either ______ and ______ methods.
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What type of concrete structures under construction experiance the greatest number of major fires?
Cast in Place
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It takes appox. ___ for concrete to reach its maximum strength?
27 Days
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After ____ hours a concrete floor, depending upon the_____,and _____, can have sufficient enough strength to remove the framework.
48, types of concrete and temperature
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Within ___ hours of pouring , the entire concrete floor can collapse on FFs if the wood frame work has been destroyed by fire.
24 hours
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The ___ content of concrete is greatest during the first 27 days after pouring.
Relative moisture
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Name two types of spalling??
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The 4 x 4 timber used for framework which are known to FFs as columns, girders, and beams are know to construction wrokers as_____,_____, and_______.
Legs, Stringers and Ribs
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If removing timbers from framework, FFs should consult w/ the construction __________ to determine the structural stability of the framework.
Shoring Forman
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The _________ presents a serious collapse danger during a fire because it extends beyong the outer edge of the structur and is constructed w/ ___ x __ timbers
Scaffolding, 2x8
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Name some differences between equipment hoist and a personnel hoist.
- Personnel= controls in car, much safer
- Equipment= controls on the ground, 1 to 2 steel cables, no safety brakes
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Chief's dealing w/ windblown embers must direc FFs to___________.
Examine adjacent roofs
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In many states, the laws require a vertical standpipe system foe any bldg over ____ stories.
7 stories
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During construction, the standpipe riser is to keep pace w/ the hieght of the bldg usually ____ to ____ stories below the most recently constructed level.
1 to 2 stories
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When high-rise bldgs under construction exceed __ or__, an _____ valve must sbdivide the vertical riser into sections.
- 150ft or 15 stories
- OS and Y
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When water cannot be pumped to an upper floor and all valves are confirmed closed, the pipe riser should be examined for the presence of a ___ and Check _____.
OS and Y, its position
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Fire Companies should _______ inspect all construction sites to be familiar with hazards.
Periodically
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__________ is ground based or an aerial device w/ a fog/straight stream delivering more then _____.
Master Streams, 300 GPM
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What 3 changes have increased the effectiveness of the master stream?
- *Hose diameter have increased
- *improved radio communication
- *Master streams are no longer restricted to the ground
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Name 3 of the happiest people in n the BCOFD?
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Wkat is the most serious collapse danger which a master stream can cause?
The Large volume of water dichared intro the bldg.
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When smokes reduces visibility, FFs must rely on the ___________ striking objects to determine its effectiveness.
Sounds of a master stream
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When a fire is in the cockloft, streams are most effective when positioned _________.
Below the ceiling
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What 3 elements are required for a safe transition from interior to an exterior attack on a building structure?
- Interior OIC has effective command and control of FFs
- Effective Communication between the interior/exterior OIC
- Exterior OIC understands the never-changing priorities of fireground strategy
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________ and is one of the most important objectives of a collapse rescue operation.
Control and Orginization
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The best way to gain control of a collapse rescue effort is for the OIC to issue __________.
Specific Assignments
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Prioritize the following stepsof a standard collapse rescue plan: General debis removal, Search/remove surface vitims, search voids, survey the collapse site, shut off utilities, select debris removal
- 1. Survey collapse site
- 2. Shut off utilities
- 3. Remove surface victims
- 4. Search voids
- 5. Selected debris removal
- 6. General debris removal
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One of the most important assignments to be given by the OIC is to _________.
Shut off utilities
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After every structural collapse where portions of the bldg remain broken but upright. there is danger of ______________.
Secondary Collapse
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The important point when ________ is not to move or attemp to restore the unstable structure to its________.
SHoring, Original position
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After a large -scale strutural failure, the members at the scene will need ________.
Replacement
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When a collapse occurs during a fire he first duty of the OIC is to determine?
Is to determine if anyone is trapped or missing
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Even if all FFs are accounted for. The _________ should still be carried out.
General debris removal
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Only after notification from a ______ or ______, can the chief direct a precautionary action, warn others at the scene or change his strategy.
Firefighter or Officer
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A precautionary actionmay range from a _____ acknowledgment to an ________ of all FFs.
Simple verbal, emergency evacuation
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________ can be detirmined by examining the floor joist where the end rests on the corbel shelf or girder.
Overloading
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There should be at least ____ or more of floor joistends being supported by the shelf or girder.
2 inches or more
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When roping off an area, the rope /tape should be from____ to ________ height above the ground.
Waist to Chest
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Miscalculation of the potential ______ wall collapse could be just as deadly as miscalculation of the __ area of a wall collapse.
Horizontal, Vertical
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All masonry walls separating blds into sections are not ______?
True Fire walls
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A ______ seperating two sections of a bldg is designed toallow collapse of the roof of one section w/o affecting tyhe ____ of ______ of said wall.
Firewall, Integrity or stability
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_________ is the one situation that most often causes a commander to withdraw FFs from a burning bldg.
Large body of fire in an old bldg
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The difference between withdrawing FF and an emergency evac, is the _____ of collapse versus a collapse that ______ or _____.
- Anticipation
- Will definitly happen or has already occured
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The 3 commandments of fire ground stategy are?
- Protect life
- Containment of fire
- Protection of property
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A firefighters death or seroius injury cannot be justified by _______.
Property Protection
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Size up duties of the first in OIC are to locate ______ and determine _____________.
The fire, Its severity
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A _________ is a strategy, tactic and safety investigation from the point of view iof the fireground commander.
Post-fire analysis
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Two important factors of the fire analysis fact sheet are the point of the fire ________ and the __________.
Origin, cause of the fire.
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Fire spread beyond the point of origin is primarily determined by the structures ______ and _______.
Design and construction
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Match the following:
1. Structural fire loading_____ a. ordinary
2. Combustible exterior walls _____b. Limited combustible
3. Central A/C duct system _______c. Heavy timber
4. Concealed voids _______d. Fire resistive
5. Combutible roof deck ______e. wood frame
- 1. Structural fire loading ====c. Heavy timber
- 2. Combustible exterior walls ====e. wood frame
- 3. Central A/C duct system ===d. Fire resistive
- 4. Concealed voids ===a. ordinary
- 5. Combutible roof deck ====b. Limited combustible
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CoBB
Match the following:
1.Early roof collapse ______ a. Ordinary
2. Bearing wall/ instant floor collapse______ b. Fire resistive
3. Lacalized ceiling collapse by spalling______c. Heavy Timber
4. Parapet wall collapse _____ d. Limited combustible
5. Floor collapse followed be masonry walls _____e. Wood-frame
- 1.Early roof collapse ====d. Limited combustible
- 2. Bearing wall/ instant floor collapse ====e. Wood-frame
- 3. Lacalized ceiling collapse by spalling ====b. Fire resistive
- 4. Parapet wall collapse ====a. Ordinary
- 5. Floor collapse followed be masonry walls ====c. Heavy Timber
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CoBB
In many instances there are ___ causes of a burning bldg collapse.
More than one
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Cobb
_______ is the planning/directing of the actions of a large # of FFs and Apparatus
Strategy
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Cobb
______ are the operation of a fire company performed at a fire.
Tactics
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CoBB
Name 3 parts to the post-fire-ground analysis?
- Fact sheet
- Diagram of fireground
- Photo documentation
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CoBB
The most important part of the post-fire-analysis is the ____.
Photo documentation
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CoBB
The _________ used to fasten structural members together is a factor in many collapses.
Type of connection
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CoBB
The most important stategy and tactical consideration at a fire is ________ and _______.
Water Supply and Pressure
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CoBB
A burning building collapse is the ____ leading cause of fire ground deaths.
Fourth
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CoBB
What 3 factors will increase the number of burning building collapses?
- Age of building
- Abandonment
- lightweight construction materials
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CoBB
A building like a person has a life span of around ______ years.
75 to 100
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CoBB
One reason for the lack of _____ is that any research into the subject offers little benefit to anyone except _________.
- Collapse studies
- Firefighters
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CoBB
________ is any portion of a structure that fails as a result of a fire.
Structural collapse
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CoBB
The most important reason for the absence of collapse info for FF's is the lack of FD _______ and ________ of collapse.
Documentation and record
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CoBB
When a burning building collapse kills or seriously injures a FF a ___________ and analysis should be conducted
Post-incident investigation
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CoBB
______ is a curved masonry structure used as a support over an open space.
Arch
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CoBB
Name the 3 basic methods for constructing wood frame residential buildings?
- Brace frame
- Balloon frame
- Platform
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CoBB
A ______ is a horizontal structural member subject to compression, tension, and shearing?
Beam
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CoBB
Name 3 types of beams?
- Simple
- Continuous
- Cantilever
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CoBB
_______ frame buildings exterior walls have studs extending continuously from the structures ________ sill to the top plate near the ______.
- Balloon Frame
- Foundation
- Attic
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CoBB
_______ Frame construction also known as Post and Girt?
Braced frame
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CoBB
In Post and Girt or Braced framed construction, the Post is the ________ structural member, and the girt is the ___________ structural member.
Vertical, Horizontal
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CoBB
Post and Girt are connected by _______ and ________ joints?
Mortise and tenon
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CoBB
Brace framed building walls often fail in a ___________ collapse.
Inward/outward
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CoBB
____________ is a wall reinforced or brace built on the outside of a structure.
A Buttress
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CoBB
When seperated from the wall and connected by an arch at the top, it is known as A ___________.
Flying buttress
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CoBB
A buttress constructed on the inside of a wall as called a _________.
Pilaster
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Cobb
Name 3 types of masonry wall collapse?
- Inward/Outward
- Curtain-fall
- 90 degree
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CoBB
____________ is a type of collapse of an exterior wall that breaks apart horizontally.
Inward/Outward
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CoBB
__________ is a wood-frame building collapse indicated by th burning structure slowly starting to tilt or lean to one side.
Lean-over collapse
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CoBB
A floor collapse in which one end of the floor beams remain partially supported by the bearing wall and the other end collapses on the floor below is known as a _________ Collapse.
Lean to collapse
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CoBB
A lean to collapse can be classified as _____ or _____.
Supported or Unsupported
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CoBB
A __ adds stability to a masonry wall.
Buttress
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CoBB
When floor beams pull loose or collapse at both ends, it is called a __________.
Pancake floor collapse
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CoBB
The collapse of portions of taller burning structures on to smaller structures causing the smaller to collapse is a ________.
Secondary Collapse
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CoBB
_________ is when a floor collapses and a interior partition or wall holds up the center of the fallen floor.
A Tent floor collapse
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________ is the collapse of a floor at the center and both ends remain partially supported.
V-shape floor collapse
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________ is a vertical structural member subject to compressive forces.
A Column
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CoBB
______ and ______ are considered the main vertical framework of a building?
Columns and bearing walls
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CoBB
_______ and ___ are the main horizontal framework of a building...
Girders and Beams
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CoBB
___________is the top masonry tile or stone of a parapet wall, designed to carry off rainwater. It is also known as a ______.
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CoBB
____ is a bracket or extension of masonry that projects from a masonry wall. it can be decorative or used as a support.
Corbel
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CoBB
A Corbel used on the inside of a masonry wall to support a beam is called a ______.
Corbel shelf or Corbel ledge
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CoBB
__________ is a horizontal surface covering supported by a floor or a roof beam.
Deck
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CoBB
_________ is a bend, twist or curve of a structural element under a load.
Deflection
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CoBB
The front or face of a building is called _______.
Facade
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CoBB
The portion of a facade wall which extends above the roof level is called a ________.
Parapet wall
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The ________ wall with a ______ is one of the most unstable walls a FF will encounter.
- Ornamental Facade Parapet
- Decorative corbel coping stone
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CoBB
A ________ beam is a gravity support beam end designed to release itself from the masonry wall during a collapse.
Fire-Cut
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Name the advantage and disadvantage for FF and the fire cut beam??
- Advantage- The floor collapse will not topple the bearing walls outward.
- Disadvantage- early floor collapse n interior crews.
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CoBB
_________ is the maximum amount of heat release when all combustible material in a given fire area is burned.
Fire Load
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CoBB
______ is the cause of motion change in a motion, or stoppage of motion.
Force
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CoBB
A force acting on a structure can be ____ or ________.
External or Internal
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CoBB
Any type of external force is a _______.
Load
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CoBB
An internal force is a _______.
Stress
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CoBB
A structural element that supports floors or roof beams?
Girder
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CoBB
A metal fastener in the form a of a plate, used to connect structural members?
Gusset Plate
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CoBB
A type of gusset plate, used on light weight wood trusses, which is a ___ thick piece of sheet metal and v-shaped holes ____ long that are punched out and act as the nails.
- Sheet metal surface fastener
- 1/4", 1/2"
- Page 148
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CoBB
A _______ beam, sometime doubled for strength is used to reinforce the opening of a floor and is placed perpendicular to the trimmer beam.
Header
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CoBB
Structural collapse during a fire is directly proportional to the _______.
Fire Load
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Cobb
A ______ is a piece of lumber used as a floor beam. It is also called a ____ or ________.
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CoBB
______ is most of used when stating the strength of steel (K.S.I.) and equals _______??
KIP, 1000 lbs
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Cobb
A _______ is a load bearing structural element that supports and redistributes the load above a opening?
Lintel
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Name 4 types of loads which can act upon a structure and cause its collapse
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Cobb
A load can be imposed upon a structural element in what 3 methods.
- Axial
- Eccentric
- Torsional or Twisting
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A ____ load is applied at one point or within a limited area of the structure.
Concentrated
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What are 5 major loads that must be considered in the design of a building?
Dead, Live, Wind, Impact, and Seismic loads
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Cobb
________ loads pass through the center of the structure. Explain how this can shift.
- Axial Loads
- Heat from fire deforms structural elements transmitting load to eccentric
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_______ loads are applied to a structure suddenly, such as a shock wave vibration load
Impact
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Cobb
A ________ load transmitted off-center or evenly though the structural member.
Eccentric
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Cobb____ is a load that remains constant and is applied slowly.
Static
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Cobb
______ Load creates a twisting stress on a structural member.
Torsional
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Cobb
______ is a transient or movable load such as the buildings contents and occupants.
Live
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Cobb
_______ load is applied to an upright structure from a direction parallel to the ground.
Lateral
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Cobb
______ Load is a static/ fixed load created by the structure itself and the permanent equipment within the structure.
Dead
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Cobb
______ load is imposed on a structure by the wind?
Wind
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Cobb
Name the types of loads a FF and Master sream impose upon a structure.
- Fire Fighters- Live and Static
- Masterstreams- impact, lateral, live from water discharge...
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Cobb
Name 3 types of stress imposed on a structure?
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Cobb
The most dangerous load is a _____ load.
Concentrated
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Cobb
The opposite of a concentrated load is a ________ load.
Distributed
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Cobb________ is the structural connection in which a hole is cut into the timber to receive the _______.
Mortise, Tenon
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Cobb
________ is a light wieght steel truss used as a floor or roof beam.
Open web steel bar joist
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If a open web steel bar joist is unprotected, it can fail after___ to ___ minutes of fire exposure.
5 to 10 minutes
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Cobb
A pilaster, also called a __________________, can carry the load of a girder/ timber or provide_______ support to a wall.
Wall column, Lateral
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Cobb
Mortis and Tenon reduces its capacity.
Load Bearing
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Cobb
________ frame construction has one level built and raised, the floor beams and deck are built on top of said level's walls, then the next level is built.
Platform
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Cobb
_______ is a structure that supports another structural member in the same building.
Primary Structural member
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Cobb
Name the two types of end beams?
Restrained and Unrestrained
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Cobb
A _____- is a horizontal timber that frames the highest point of a peak roof.
Ridge pole
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Cobb
_______ is the quotient of the load that will cause a structure to collapse divided by the load a structure is designed to support.
Safety Factor
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Cobb
Most structural elements are designed with a safety factor of_____.
Two or more
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Cobb
From a construction/fire protection standpoint, _____ frame construction is superior to the other types.
Platform
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Cobb
____ is the force exerted upon a structure member that strains or deforms its shape.
Stress
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Cobb
_______ causes a structure to collapse when contacting parts or layers of the structure slide past one another.
Sheer stress
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Cobb
______ are built several inches/feet below thew supporting roof, or floor beams above.
Suspended Ceilings
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Cobb
_____ presses or squeezes a structure together.
Compression Force
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Cobb
The concealed space above the suspended ceiling is sometimes called a ________.
Cockloft
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Cobb
_____ stress is placed on a structural member by the pull of forces causing extension.
Tension
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Excessive _______ on a structure can cause it to collapse more quickly during a fire
Stress
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Cobb
A projecting, reduced portion of a timber designed to be inserted into another timber is known as a ______.
Tenon
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Cobb
A_________ floor can insulate any flames, heat , and smoke below.
Tarrazo
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A ______ beam is constructed around the perimeter of a flor opening which supports the header.
Trimmer
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____ rests on a support ________and ______ and is held in place only by gravity.
- Unrestrained beams,
- Corbel ledge or Girder
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A ______ is a brace arrangement of steel or wood frame work made w/ triangular connecting members.
Truss
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Name the 3 types of roof trusses?
- Peaked truss
- Bowstring truss
- Parallel cord Truss
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Name 3 types of walls.
- Free standing
- bearing
- non-bearing
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________ is the continuation of a party , fire, or exterior wall extending above the roof line.
Parapet
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______ is a free standing masonry wall surrounding an area.
Area wall
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_____ is a bearing wall that supports floors and roofs of two buildings.
Party Wall
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____ is the portion of an interior wall between the top of one window opening and the bottom of another.
Spandrel Wall
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________ is exposed to the elements on both sides top an bottom.
Free standing
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______ is a non-bearing self-suppoting wall designed to prevent the passage of fire from one side to the other.
Fire Wall
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______ is an exterior/interior wall that supports a load in addition to its own weight.
Bearing Wall
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___________ is a finished/Facing brick or stone wall on the outside of a building which is fastened to the wall w/ cement or metal ties.
Veneer Wall
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Although it can act as a barrier, a _____________ wall is not designed to be a fire wall.
Party wall
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Cobb
A ___ wall is the most unstable wall the most likely to collapse during a fire.
Free Standing Wall
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Cobb
Name thew two types of hazardous collapse zones?
Horizontal and Vertical
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____________________ is the expected ground area that a falling wall will cover. Generally it is the ______ equal to the _________.
- Vertical collapse zone
- Distance away from the wall = to the height of the wall
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Cobb
Name 5 basic types of building construction?
- Fire Resistive
- Non Combustible
- Ordinary
- Heavy Timber
- Wood Frame
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The major Fire problem in a Fire-resistive building is the _______.
Central Air Conditioning System
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The fire problem associated w/ limited combustible buildings is the ____________- that can ignite during a fire.
Flat, Steel roof deck covering
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Cobb
To counteract this the NFAA recommends the total weight of asphalt not exceed ____ to ____ lbs per _____ sq ft of roof area.
12-15 lbs, 100 sq ft
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The NFAA also recommends the felt and insulation be _____ and the asphalt application cover only the ______.
- Non combustible
- Over lapping edges
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The major fire problem with ordinary construction bldgs is the fire/smoke spread though out _____.
Concealed Spaces
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The Largest and most serious conceled space is the _________.
Common Cockloft
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Cobb The major fire problem of heavy timber construction is the _________ it produces.
Radiant heat waves
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Cobb A fire in a bldg of heavy timber is sometimes called __________________ burning.Slow
Slow
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Cobb
To qualify as a heavy timber construction, wood columns can be no less the ________ thick in any direction and girders can be no less then ______ thick.
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Cobb
A wood frame construction is the only one of the 5 types that has _____ walls Combustible exterior
Combustible exterior
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Cobb Firefighters cannot use a ___ rating to estimate a burning building structural stability.
Fire-Resistive
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Wood bldgs often experience _____ and _____ collapse simultaneously. In ordinary construction bldgs, the burning _____ will collapse first.
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Cobb
The two basic types of fire resistive construction are ______ and _______.
- Reinforced concrete buildings
- Structural steel buildings
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Cobb
When moisture in the concrete floors is heated and there are steel supports under the floor, the concrete ________ upwards ____ to ___.
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Cobb
The collapse danger to FFs w/ limited combustible bldgs is _________ , therefore , the ________ is the main structural hazard of Non-combustible construction.
- Roof Cave in
- Open web bar joist
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The structural hazard of an ordinary constructed bldg is _________.
Parapet walls
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The maon structural hazard of a heavy timber bldg is the _______.
Falling masonry walls
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Withdrawal to _______ is the strategy used at heavy timber bldg fires when the inital attack fails.
Protect Exposures
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Cobb
The structural hazard of a wood frame bldg is _________.Combustible bearing walls
Combustible bearing walls
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Cobb True/False
In a wood frame bldg, the front/rear walls are usually bearing and the side walls are non bearing.
- False (Just the opposite)
- The side walls are bearing, and front and rear are non bearing
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Cobb
Wood frame bldgs use _____ structural members to support _____structural members.
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Cobb
The most common type of masonry wall failure is the _______.
90-degree angle
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Masonry walls often separate from the other enclosing walls at ______.
Corner where they intersect
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Cobb
The ______ of a front masonry wall following a bowstring roof collapse is extremely dangerous.
Secondary Collapse
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When planning for bowstring timber truss roof collapse, FFs should also consider a ____ an ______ wall Collapse.
Front and Rear
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The _______ is the area adjacent to the unstable wall which is a distance of __________.
- Collapse Zone
- Equal to the height of the building
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Cobb
If the OIC suspects an an explosion or another factor that extends the collapse zone. All FFs should stay away and heavy caliber streams postioned _______.
In a flanking position
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The worst type of collapse is ___.
90 degree angle
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The most dangerous area outside a burning structure is the ___________ of the building.
Sidewalk directly in front of the bldg.
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Cobb
The Most dangerous parapet is the one constructed as the ______ wall of a ______ structure above several large display windows.
- Front,
- One story structure
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The presence of ______ determines how a parapet wall will collapse.
Steel Reinforcement
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Parapet walls deteriorate faster then masonry walls because the are ________________ on both sides.
Exposed to the elements
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Cobb
Purlins are also called ______?
Hip roof rafters
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Parapet walls often collapse during the ___________ stage of the fire.
Overhaul
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If a masonry wall falls due to an explosion or internal pressure, the wall will collapse outward for a distance of _________.
Equal to twice its hieght
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Cobb
FireFighters use floors as _____ from which to launch interior ______ and hose line attacks.
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Cobb
A floor can be constructed of,________________,_____________,or ___________.
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Cobb
Wood joist floors can collapse in what 3 ways?
- Wood deck only, (Burn though)
- Localized failure (several joist)
- A large section or entire floor collapse
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Cobb
Bldg which have no ceilings are called _______ construction.
Open joist
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Cobb
The main cause of floor failure is often due to _______.
Arson
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Cobb
What 3 main reasons exist which explain why the collapse of a wooden floor joist support system seldom occurs in residences.
- Not overloaded
- Fewer structural alteration
- Underside of floor is protected by a ceiling
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Cobb
What two areas in a residence are most likely to experience a floor collapse?
Bathroom and Kitchen
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Cobb
What makes Bathroom and Kitchen floors most susceptible to collapse?
List some reasons.
- Weight of fixtures (tub, sink, refrigerator.. etc)
- 2x6 joist to compensate for tile floors
- openings in wood work for pipe
- pipes leak/sweat causing wood to rot and weaken
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