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Personality
sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others
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heredity
Factors determined at conception; one's biological, physiological, and inherent psychological makeup.
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Personality Traits
Enduring characteristics that describe an individual's behavior.
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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
- A personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types.
- * Extroverted or Introverted (E or I)
- * Sensing or Intuitive (S or N)
- * Thinking or Feeling ( T or F)
- * Perceiving or Judging (P or J)
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Big Five Model
- A personality assessment model that taps five basic dimensions.
- Extraversion
- Agreeableness
- Conscientiousness
- Emotional Stability
- Open to Experience
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Extraversion
A personality dimension describing someone who is sociable, gregarious, and assertive.
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agreeableness
A personality dimension that describes someone who is good natured, cooperative, and trusting.
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conscientiousness
A personality dimension that describes someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized.
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emotional stability
A personality dimension that characterizes someone as calm, self-confident, secure (positive) versus nervous, depressed, and insecure (negative).
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open to experience
A personality dimension that characterizes someone in terms of imagination, sensitivity, and curiosity.
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core self-evaluation
Bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person.
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Machiavellianism
The degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means.
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narcissism
The tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement.
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self-monitoring
A personality trait that measures an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors.
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proactive personality
People who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs.
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values
Basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence.
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value systems
A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual's values in terms of their intensity.
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Rokeach Value System
- Created by Milton Rokeach
- Consists of two values sets containing 18 values
- Terminal Values and Instrumental values
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terminal values
Desirable end-states of existence; the goals a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime.
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instrumental values
Preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one's terminal values.
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Five Value Demensions of National Culture
- (Geert Hofstead)
- Power Distance
- Individulasim Vs Collectivism
- Masculinity Vs Feminity
- Uncertainity Avoidance
- Long Term Orientation
- Short Term Orientation
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personality-job fit theory
- (John Holland)
- A theory that identifies six personality types and proposes that the fit between personality type and occupational environment determines satisfaction and turnover.
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power distance
A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.
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individualism
A national culture attribute that describes the degree to which people prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of groups.
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collectivism
emphisis a tight social framework in which people expect others in a groups that they a part of to look after & protect them
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masculinity
A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which the culture favors traditional masculine work roles of achievement, power, and control. Societal values are characterized by assertiveness and materialism.
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femininity
A national culture attribute that indicates little differentiation between male and female roles; a high rating indicates that women are treated as the equals of men in all aspects of the society.
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uncertainty avoidance
A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them.
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long-term orientation
A national culture attribute that emphasizes the future, thrift, and persistence.
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short-term orientation
people value here & now They handle change more readily and don't see commitments as impediments to change
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