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The flashcards below were created by user
pszurnicki
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screenign for diabetes in pcos, test of choice
2 hr glucose tolerance
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rx for akid with deafness in one ear
sit in front of the class
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most important steps to reduce osteoporotic fractures?
bisphosphonates
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when do you start infusing potassium for dka
when it reaches 3.0
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an aneurysm of what is common in pregnancy
splenic artery
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best initial test for renal cancer
ultrasound
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when do you hospitalize infants for respiratory infections
rr >60 or pao2 <60
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rx for a mother with prior transfundal myomectomy?
c section
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tumors of the retina--gardners
tumors in the brain--turcott
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itchy rash in an infant
scabies
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rx for an infant with adiaphragmatic hernia
extracorporeal membrane
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once monthly injection contraception is given how often
once monthly
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what kind of aminotransferase levels are seen in ischemic hepatitis?
viral?
acloholic
- ischemic--extremely high and noramlize
- viral in the 1000"s
- alcoholic--below 500
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what causes flail chest
pulmonary contusion from broken ribs
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best initial test for pml?
most accurate
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amblyopia causes strabismus or strabismus causes amblyopia
strabismus causes amblyopia
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next step when wnating to excise renal cell carcinoma
see if it is in the inferior vena cava or renal vein
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rx for placenta accreta
- conservative in young women
- hysterectomy in older women
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dysphagia equal for both solids and liquids
solids then liquids
- achalasia
- cancer or stricutre
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fluids for hypotension that would also decrease cerebral edema
7.5 % salin
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lh, fsh and testosterone in hypothalamic hypogonadism?
normal lh, normal fsh , low testosterone
testicular failure- low t, very high fsh and lh
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kidney stone that is 5 mm or smaller
5 mm to 3 cm
3cm and bigger
- spontaneous passage with fluids
- extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy
surgical removal
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antibodies in type 1 diabetes
anti-glutamic acid antibodies
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mysthenia gravis usually have what 2 associated tumors in the chest
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contraindication to contraction stress test
- classic c section
- placenta previa
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neurotransmitter in ocd
serotonin
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when is artificial rupture of membranes performed
when the fetus is at a low position and to shorten the labor
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what reduces a right to left shunt
nitric oxide
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a cause of different arterial oxygen saturation in the upper limb and lower limb
pda
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2 drugs that cause closure of pda
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depigmentation of areas of the body that follows a sun burn
vitiligo
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most important pre-operative risk factor to control
- blood pressure with bb
- hematocrit at 30%
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rx for post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
- antihypertensives--ace
- salt restriction
- penicillin to resist the spread of the bacteria
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two complications (deadly) of heat stroke
- renal failure from myoglobin
- DIC
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tachypnea, tachycardia, pleuritic sudden onset chest pain
Pulmonary embolus
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what kind of electrolyte abnormality can cystic fibrosis pts present with
metabolic, hypochloremic, hypokalemic alkalosis due to excessive sweating and fluid loss
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symptoms suggestive of pad, and abi is normal, next step
exercise abi
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high calcium causes
- constipation
- kidney stones
- psychiatric mood disorder
- bone pain
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kidney stone + peylo, next step
iv antibiotics + stone decompression
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when is symptomatic aneurysm not an emergency
when there is inflammation around it on the ct
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rx for a benign teratoma
immediate resection
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what vitamin excess can cause kidney stones
vitamin c
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visualization of biliary tree when ercp cant be performed
mrcp
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when can you not perform ercp
with extensive gi tract surgery like a rho and y
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what procedure for ectopic pregnancy removal can predispose to another ectopic
salpingostomy
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what is the cause for increased basal metabolic rate in burn patients
cytokines and catecholamines
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cannon a wave in
3rd degree heart block
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hyperactive reflexes, tachy
cocaine
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bilobed neutrophills are seen in
mds--myelodysplastic syndrome
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what deletion is seen with mds
rx
5q-lenalidomide
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hiccups indicate what
irriatation of phrenic nerve
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complication of post splenectomu
subphrenic absscess
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dose of metro for trichomonas
single dose
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blowout of the vertebral bodies causes what kind of sydnrome
anterior cord syndrome
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hyperextension of the neck can produce what kind of syndrome
central cord syndrome
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ataxia confusion ophtalmoplegia
wernickes encephalopathy
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what insulin should be adjusted if morning glucose is high
nightime nph
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murmurs at the left sternal border
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rx for shouulder dystocia
- call for help
- mcroberts maneuver--flex hips
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hemolytic jaundice in the newborn is due to what 2 causes
- abo incompatibility
- rh incompatibility
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cause of bullous impetigo
staph---cephalexin is the rx
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most important risk factor for endometritis
c section
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rx for metablic acidosis from loosing bicarb from the gi tract
sodium bicarb
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flexion of 4th and 5ht fingers
dupturyens contracture
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most common manifestation of sturge weber syndrome after a port wine stain
convulsions
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tumor of the carotid body produces what
catecholamines
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blistering due to sun exposure which turns to fibrosis, cause
porphyria cutanea tard---due to hep c or alcoholic
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causes of gush of fluid in a pregnant woman
next step if urine incontinent and woman is in latent stage 1
- urine, bacterial infection, semen
- reassure and instruct to come back if contractions increase
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best way to visualize ureters and kidney
bladder
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most common cause of hypothyroid in the us?
overseas?
hashimotos
iodine deficiency
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most common malignant liver tumor in a kid <3 years?
>3 years?
- hepatoblastoma
- hepatocellular carcinoma
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when do you do surgery for hemothorax?
if blood draining is more than 1000mL
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how to differentiate between adrenal source of high cortisol vs pituitary
- look at CRH and ACTH
- or give high dose dexamethasonerx
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rx for ccb toxicity
calcium
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when is calcium given for emergencies
- ccb
- magensium toxicity
- hyperkalemia
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best way to address heavy menstrual flow in a 40 + woman
hysterectomy
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best surgical method to loose weight
rhoux and y
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cavernous hemangioma may lead to
dic
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wood grain appearance skin rash is secondary to what cancer
lung
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two indications for ptca
- st segment elevation
- Left bundle branch block
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two indications for amnioinfusion
- meconium stained amniotic fluid
- persistent variable decelerations
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rx for intermittent explosive disorder
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high pitched abdominal sounds + air in the biliary tree
gallstone ileus
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rx for atopic dermatitis after steroids
tacrolimus
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rx for both psoriasis and eczema
- steroids for acute
- tacrolims
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what is an adapalene
retinoid
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first thing to look at in transplant failure
vein and artery anastamosis
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retroverted uterus is a risk factor for
uterine perforation
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rx for chronic rejection
new transplant
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rifampin prophylaxis for young kids when
if kids <4 years old and in contact with someone with tb or + ppd
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first clue to alzehimers
prominent memory impairment
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rx for a small fecal fistula
observation
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patients with risk factors going for vascular surgery should have what b4 surgery
stress test and bb
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hsp occurs secondary to
strep d
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drug to prevent gout or pseudogout
colchicine
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thrombocytopenia and anemia in an elderly with recurrent infection
mds
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medical rx for endometriosis
nothing
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what improves fertility in endometriosis
surgery
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diabetes sugar control improves with the same insulin dosage, cause
renal function is worsening--insulin cannot be cleared
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inpatient rx for pid
clindamycin and gentamycin
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what are the aminotransferases in viral, ischemic, acetominophen, and alcoholic hepaits
- viral--ALT/AST
- ischemic--very high levels
- acetominophen very high
- alcoholic---AST/ALT 2:1
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which dermatophyte causes hair infection
trichophyton t
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what causes uterine hyperstimulation
oxytocin or prostaglandins
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a white pupil means two possibilities
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common complication after a vericocele
infertility
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difference between parkinsons vs lewy body dementia
- parkinsons---movment + slight demenita
- lewy body dementia---overt dementia
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resentfullness and blaming others is characteristic of what disorder
oppositional defiant disorde
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for how large of a baby do you do c section
more than 4500 grams
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excision size for a melanoma less than 1 mm in depth?
2 mm
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stent of surgery for aaa
surgery
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the world/person or persons internal organs exist
nihilistic delusion
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tumor in the retroperitoneum producing beta hcg and alpha feto protein is
testicular carcinomawh
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what kind of skin infection does strep cause
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microcephaly, maxillary hypoplasia, smooth filtrum are characteristics of abuse of what
alcohol
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what two diseases can cause erythromyelgia
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rx for erythromyalgia
aspirin to decrease prostaglandins
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when can you have irregular menses with hysterectomy
if the hysterectomy is supracervical
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next step when symptoms of prostatitis present
urine culture
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rx for colon cancer when it metastesizes and replaces more than 50% of the liver by mets
palliative care
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supracondylar fracture of humerus has what compliations
high incidence of neurovascular compromise
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best initial test for neurosyphilis
most accurate
- vdrl, fta-abs
- most accurate is csf analysis
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rx for neurosyphilis
IV penicillin
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fluid draining after hysterectomy?
fistula from the bladder
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next step in management of popliteal aneurysm
abdominal ct
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neonatal chlamydia pneumonia can present with eosinophilia
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most common tumor taht metastesizes to the thyroid
rcc--clear
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what substances shoudl be withheld for dipyrimadole or adenosine nuclear stress test
methylxanthine and other caffeins/theophylline
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rx for thyroid carcinoma
thyroidectomy
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cause of lymphoma in a immunocompromised patient
ebv
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rx for ductal carcinoma in site in multiple quadrants of breast
total mastectomy
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empiric iv abx for a pt with fever and sickle cell
ceftriaxone
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a patient with hypospadias, next step in management
ultrasound of urinary tract
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2 immunodeficiencies taht cause eczema
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agoraphobia
fear of being in places that may be difficult to escape
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rx for optic glioma in neurofibromatosis if vision is not affected?
if afected?
- not affected--wait
- affected--chemo
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cancer on the lower lip
squamous cell carcinoma
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side effect of abdominal compartment syndomre and putting a mesh to slowly allow edema to subside
large ventral hernia
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first line rx for gerd in babies
thickening the feeds and elevation of head of the bead
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difference between gerd in babies and tracheoesophageal fistula
tracheoesophageal fistual appears in the first days with vomiting
gerd appears somewhat later
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most common cause of lymphangitis in immunecompetent invdividuals?
immunocompromised?
- immunocompetent---strep
- immunocompromised---pseudomonas
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rx for mild dehydration?
- mild---at home fluid replenishment
- severe--normal saline
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cause of bullous impetigo?
non bullous?
- bullous---staph
- non bullous--- strep
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score used to determine hepatic function
discrimination score
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thyroglossal duct resection involves the removal of what bone
hyoid bone
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what happens to fibrinogen intitially?
it goes up but then it decreases
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bilateral parotid tumor in older man
warthin tumorrx
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rx for wilsons
penicillamine
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infantile head bobbin, spasm is most commonly caused by
tuberous sclerosis
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woman thats on heparin and goes into labor, next step
stop heparin
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next best step when you cant do ercp to look at biliary ducts or peancreatic duct
mrcp
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most important prognostic sign for liver
prothrombin or INR time
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next step when a tap in a suspected gonoccocal arthritis is negative,
swab rectal, urethra and oral for gonorrhea
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most common complications of diabetes in infants
ones that develop earliest--vsd and togv
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do you need to give anesthesia for 3rd degree burns
no
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rx for sporotrichosis
- potassium iodide
- itraconazole
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rx for carcinoma of the vulva
resection
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first step in management of a hemodynamically unstable patient
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most senstitive indicator of nutritional status?
pre-albumin
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when do you not have to get 3 blood pressure reading to initiate anti-hypertensives
if there is end organ damage
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seizures and interictal slow spike waves
lenoux gestat syndrome
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which score is used for allocation of liver
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anti-proteinase 3 is seen in what vasculitis
wegeners
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re-enactment of aggressive dreams is called
rapid eye movement behavior disorder
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rx for grades 1-3 concussion
- grade 1-- 20 minutes
- grade 2--- 1 week
- grade 3--- 1 month
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post surgical hematoma compressing airway, next step in management?
evacuate the hematoma
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rx for a patient whoe blood pressure is not fully controlled with one drug
increase the dose
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iv potassium, bolus or infusion?
infusion
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a pt with angina type of chest pain but currently does not have chest pain, next step
exercise stress test
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best imaging test for pheo
MIBG scan
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headache, precocious puberty, high beta hcg, dx?
pinealoma
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biopsy for melanoma
wide excision
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pain at the hypothenar prominence, cause
injury to hamate-ulnar nerve
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sore throat + silvery like skin rash
guillete psoriasis
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most common testicular mass
seminoma
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a perimenoupausal woman with irregular bleeding?
endometrial biopsy
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prevention of seborheic dermatitis
wash gently with shampoo
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next step when histological biopsy is not as severe as cytological test. ie pap smear
cone biopsy
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rx for tinea versicolor
seleniun sulfide
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side effect of tretinoin
- high lipids
- pregnangy problems
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diffuse goiter and normal TFT?
nodular
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when can subglottic stenosis occur
due to edema from chronic intubation
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waxy papules on the forehead
scaling papules on the forehead
- seborheic keratosis
- actinic keratosis
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intense itching but normal urinary porphyrin levels?
erythropeoitn porphyria
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what is peculiar about the ph and hco3 in metabolic acidosis caused by aspirin overdose?
the HCO3 is higher than expected for the pH
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abgs of copd exacerbation
respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation
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u waves are synonymous with
hypokalemia
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urinary incontinence that has urge and stress parts to it is called
detrussor hyperreflexia
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radial deviation of the wrist is due to ?
colles fracture
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how long should zidouvidine be given to infants
6 weeks
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rx for anticholinergic intoxication
physostigmines
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when is prazosin and finasteride used
in normal sized prostate--prazosin
in big prostates--finasteride
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rx for theophylline toxicity
beta blockers
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test to check for heamthrosis of th eknee
move patella posteriorly
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rx for ibs
antidiarrheal--loperamide and stool softenenr
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rx for autoimmune hepatitis
steroids
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most common cause of recurrent abortions
unknown
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rx for dumping syndorme
small meals
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patientw with tourettes can develop what other disorder
ocd
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what happens to hemoglobin in preeclmapsia
hemocontreations
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myocardial contusion
radionuclide angiography
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