eent

bone and cartilage that seperates nasal cavities

• bony turbinates
• 3 projections sup, inf, and middle
• incr surface area of nasal cavities

small air filled cavities lined w muc mem; drain into nose; frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, and shenoidal

chemoreceptors (nasal cavities)-->impulses travels along cn1 (olfactory nerve)-->temporal lobe

• apply pressure to soft parts of nose for several minutes (10-15)
• pt seated (lessens fainting and decr bld flow)
• tilt head slightly forward
• breathe thru mouth
• ice pack to nose
• suck on ice
• emesis basin
• tissues

• consult dr immediately
• cotton pedgets saturated w silver nitrate/epineprine/cocaine may be ordered w application of pressure and cold compresses

pack nasal cavity w gauze for 24-72 hrs or cauterize blding areas

• frequent swallowing
• use flashlight look in back of throat

upper portion behind nasal cavities

mid portion behind mouth

lower portion that opens into larynx

• streptococcal bacteria group A beta-hemolytic strep
• establishes in lymphoid tiss and produces abrupt onset

sore throat, pain aggravated by swallowing/turning head, fever over 101, chills, ha, redness and edema, covered in yellow exudate, tender cervical nodes, sometimes rash

r/o scarlet fever

rheumatic fever, nephritis

pcn drug of choice

vs, rest, mouth care, warn nss gargle, intermittent ice collar, humidification, anesthtic spray, monitor for complications

tonsils and adenoids removed bc of chronic inf, cont hypertrophy causing obstruction, repeated attacks of pur om, or hearing loss due to ser om

• 1. observe for hemorrhage (immediately and pod 7-10) - freq swallowing*
• 2. throat color: black to green/grey to white to pink
• 3. freq vs (fever, shock)
• 4. position on side then semi fowlers
• 5. iv fluids and ff po 
• **keep throat moist at all times***

• repetitive episodes of partial and complete airway obstruction 
• tongue and soft palate fall backward blocking airway
• bldstream: co2 levels rise and o2 drops arousing pt
• cont thru sleep cycle, apneic episodes may last 10 sec and up to 300 per night

• obese men w short/thick neck
• increases w age

• disrupted sleep pattern
• daytime sleepiness
• irritable
• personality changes
• ha
• effects memory and concentration
• htn
• arrythmias
• resp failure

loud snoring/snorting/gasping

• s/s
• abgs
• polysomnagraphy (sleep study)

• wt loss
• change in position
• acoid cns depressants
• pral appliance
• cpap and bipap
• surgery

• over age 60
• 5x more in men
• increased risk w heavy smokers, chronic etoh users

• early stages esp true vocal cords
• 80% cure
• thyroid cart of larynx split midline of neck and diseased portion removed
• trach tube may be left for breathing 
• does not perm eliminate voice

• extrinsic tumor
• excises entire larynx, including thyroid cart, cricoid cart, hyoid, vocal cords, epiglott, 3+ trach rings
• modified or radical neck dissection
• perm trach

nothing to eat/drink for 60 minutes bc throat anesthetized and gag relex inhibited

use tongue depressor to spray