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Dementia
a serious, progressive loss of mental abilities such as thinking, remembering, reasoning and communicating
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Alzhiemers Disease
A progressive, degenerative, and irreversible disease that is a form of dementia; there is no cure.
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Pathogen
microorganisms that are capable of causing infection and disease.
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Paraplegia
a loss of function of lower body and legs.
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Duodenum
the first part of the small intestine. where the common bile duct enters the small intestine.
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Alveoli
tiny, grape-like sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs.
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Radial pulse
the pulse on the inside of the wrist, where the radial artery runs just beneath the skin.
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Apical pulse
the pulse on the left side of the chest, just below the nipple.
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Cyanosis
blue or pale skin and/or mucous membranes due to decreased oxygen in the blood.
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6 principles of care
- Dignity
- Infection control
- Communication
- Privacy
- Independence
- Safety
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Heimlich maneuver ( abdominal thrusts)
- 1. stand behind patient and put your arms around their waist.
- 2. make a fist with one hand and put the thumb-side between the pt. naval and the bottom of their rib cage.
- 3. place your other hand over your fist.
- 4. give a hard, upward thrust against the pt. abdomen
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Restorative care
care used after rehabilitation to maintain a person's function and increase independence.
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Flexion
bending a body part
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Abduction
moving a body part away from the midline of the body
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Adduction
moving a body part toward the midline of the body
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Trendelenburg
for people who have special needs. for example may be used for a resident who has gone into shock and has poor blood flow.
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Fowler's
position in which a person is in a semi-sitting position (45-60 degrees).
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Supine
position in which a person is lying flat on his or her back.
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Body mechanics
the way the parts of the body work together when a person moves.
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Body alignment
good body alignment allows the body to function at its highest level. Also helps prevent complications of immobility, such as contractures and atrophy.
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Spinal cord
the part of the nervous system inside the vertebral canal that conducts messages between the brain and the body and controls spinal reflexes.
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Negligence
actions, or failure to act or give proper care, that results in injury to a person.
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Policy
a course of action to be followed.
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Procedure
a method, or way, of doing something.
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RACE
- Rescue the resident
- Activate the alarm
- Confine/contain the fired
- Escape/extinguish
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PASS
- Pull the pin
- Aim to the bottom of the fire
- Squees the handle
- Sweep side to side
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Obra
Federal law that includes minimum standards for nursing assistant training, staffing requirements, resident assessment instructions, and information on rights for residents
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Title 22
California code of regulations that all nursing facilities must use.
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Mandated reporter
people who are required to report suspected or observed abuse or neglect due to their regular contact with vulnerable population, such as the elderly in long-term care facilities.
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Ombudsman
person assigned by law as the legal advocate for residents.
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Objective Charting
is information based on what you see, hear, touch, or smell; it is collected using four of the five senses: sight, hearing, smell and touch. It is also called "signs"
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Subjective Charting
is information collected from something that residents or their families reported to you, and it may or may not be accurate it is also called "symptoms"
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Diabetes Type 1
Is a condition that is usually diagnosed in children and young adults. It was formerly known as juvenile diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce any insulin.
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Diabetes type 2
is the most common form of diabetes; it can occur at any age. It was formerly known as adult-onset diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the body fails to properly use insulin.
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HIPPA
a federal law that sets standards for protecting the privacy of patients health information
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S/S of dehydration
- severe thirst
- Dry mouth and mucous membranes
- Cracked lips
- Dry, warm, wrinkled, or clammy skin
- Sunken eye
- Headache
- Irritability
- Low blood preassure
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Edema
swelling in body tissues caused by excess fluid.
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Infection
the state resulting from pathogens invading and growing within the human body.
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CVA
a condition caused when the blood supply to the brain is cut off suddenly by a clot or a ruptured blood vessel; also called a stroke
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S/S of CHF
- Fatigue
- Reduction in the ability to exercise or be active
- difficulty breathing, or dyspnea
- SOB
- increased pulse
- chest pain
- confusion
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Blood preasure ranges
- Systolic 100-119
- Diastolic 60-79
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S/S of approaching death
- Cyanotic, pale, or darkening skin or mucous membranes
- Cold skin
- Skin that looks bruised
- Heavy perspiration
- Fever
- Extreme weakness and exhaustion
- loss of muscle tone
- Fallen jaw, causing the mouth to stay open
- Decreased sense of touch
- Loss of feeling, beginning in the legs and feet
- lost of vision
- Dry mouth
- Decrease appetite and sense of thirst
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5 stages of grief
- Denial
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Acceptance
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4 stages of pressure ulcers
- 1. Reddened skin
- 2. Blistering or breakdown of the top layer of the skin
- 3. Breakdown of the lower tissue
- 4. involvement of muscle, bone, nerves, and blood vessels.
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How to prevent pressure ulcers
- identifying persons at risk and assessing the skin for signs of problems
- Changing the sheets and persons position
- Attempting to maintain nutrition
- Providing bedding and seating surfaces which support from friction
- Refraining from massages over bony prominence
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Beginning procedures
- Knock the door
- Introduce yourself
- Ask permission to come in
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Ending procedures
- Put the side rail up
- Lower the bed to its lowest position
- Leave call light witting reach
- Wash your hands and thank the resident
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Urine observation 4
- Cloudy urine
- Dark or rust-colored urine
- Strong, offensive, or fruity-smelling urine
- Blood, pus, mucus, or discharge in urine
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Elopement
is the term used for a resident leaving the facility without staff knowledge.
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S/S of hypoglycemia (insulin reaction)
- Hunger
- Weakness
- Rapid pulse
- Headache
- Low blood pressure
- Cold, clammy skin
- Confusion Trembling
- Blurred vision
- Numbness of the lips and tongue
- Unsonsciousness
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S/S of hyperglycemia (diabetic ketoacidosis)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Headache
- Blurred vision
- Rapid, weak pulse
- Low blood pressure
- Dry skin, dry mouth
- Flushed cheeks
- Drowsiness
- confusion
- Weakness
- Unconsciousness
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C.N.A. responsibilities with the new admits
- Height
- Weight
- Inventory of resident personal items
- Vital signs
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Endocrine system organs
- Pituitary
- Thyroid
- Parathyroids
- Thymus
- Adrenals
- Pancreas
- Ovaries (in female)
- Testes (in male)
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Cardiovascular system organs
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C.N.A guidelines and renewal
- completing 160 hours of training, including 60 hours of theory class and 100 hours of clinical skills training
- passing state test
- Renewing certification every two years
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Active ROM
exercises to put a joint through its full arc of motion that are done by a resident alone, without help.
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Passive ROM
exercises to put a joint through its full arc of motion that are done by staff without the residents help.
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Temperature ranges
- Oral 98.6
- Rectal 99.6
- Axillary 97.6
- Timpanic 98.6
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Musculoskeletal system organs
- Muscles: 600 in the human body.
- 1. skeletal muscles. voluntary muscles
- 2. Smooth muscles. involuntary muscles
- 3. Cardiac muscles. involuntary muscles
- Bones: 206 in the human body.
- 1. Long bones
- 2. Short bones
- 3. Flat bones
- 4. Irregular bones
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