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the process through which we change or modify existing schemata to accommodate new experiences
accommodation
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discrimination or prejudice against an individual based on physical age
ageism
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the process through which we fit ---or assimilate--new experiences into existing schemata
assimilation
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Piaget's third stage of cognitive development, lasting from ages 7 to 11. Children acquire the capacity to perform a number of mental operations but still lack the ability for abstract reasoning.
concrete operational period
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strong emotional ties formed to one or more intimate companions
attachments
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in Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the stage in which actions are judged to be right or wrong based on whether they maintain or disrupt the social order
conventional level
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a research design in which people of different ages are compared at the same time
cross-sectional design
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Physically based loses in mental functioning
dementia
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the age-related physical, intellectual, social, and personal changes that occur throughout an individual's lifetime.
development
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the tendency to see the world from one's own unique perspective only; a characteristic of thinking in a preoperational period of development
egocentrism
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the period of prenatal development lasting from implantation to the end of the 8th week
embryonic period
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the period of prenatal development lasting from the 9th week until birth
fetal period
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Piaget's last stage of cognitive development; thought processes become adult-like, and people gain mastery over abstract thinking
formal operational period
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specific patterns of behavior that are consistent with how society dictates males and females should act
gender roles
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the period in prenatal development from conception to implantation of the fertilized egg in the wall of the uterus
germinal period
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the decline in responsiveness to a stimulus that is repeatedly presented
habituation
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a research design in which the same people are studied or tested repeatedly over time
longitudinal design
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the period during which a woman's menstrual cycle slows down and finally stops
menopause
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the ability to distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate actions
morality
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the ability to recognize that objects still exist when they're no longer in sight
object permanence
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a sense of who one is an individual and how well one measures up against peers
personal identity
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Kohlberg's highest level of moral development, in which moral actions are judged based on the basis of a personal code of ethics that is general and abstract and that may not agree with societal norms
postconventional level
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In Kohlberg's theory, the lowest level of moral development, in which decisions about right and wrong are made primarily in terms of external consequences
preconventional level
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Piaget's second stage of cognitive development, lasting from ages 2 to about 7; children begin to think symbolically but often lack the ability to perform mental operations such as conservation.
preoperational period
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the ability to recognize that the physical properties of an object remain the same despite superficial changes in an object's appearance
principle of conservation
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the period during which a person reaches sexual maturity and is potentially capable of producing offspring
puberty
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Piaget's first stage of cognitive development, lasting from birth to about 2 years of age; schemata revolve around sensory and motor abilities
sensorimotor period
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gradually subjecting a child to a stressful situation and observing his or her behavior toward the parent or caregiver. This test is used to classify children according to type of attachment--secure, resistant, avoidant, or disorganized/disoriented
strange situation test
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a child's general level of emotional reactivity
temperament
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environmental agents--such as disease organisms or drugs--that can potentially damage the developing embryo or fetus.
teratogens
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the fertilized human egg, containing 23 chromosomes from the father and 23 chromosomes from the mother
zygote
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