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What is Matter?
Anything with mass and volume.
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Define Composition.
The types and amounts of simpler substances that make it up
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What are physical properties?
Characteristics a substance shows by itself, without changing into or interacting with another substance.
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Melting point, electrical conductivity, and density are examples of what type of property?
Physical properties.
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Define physical change.
When a substance alters its physical properties, not its composition.
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What are chemical properties?
Characteristics a substance shows as it changes into or interacts with another substance.
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Flammability, corrosiveness, and reactivity with acids are examples of what type of property?
Chemical Properties
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Define Chemical change (also called Chemical reaction.)
When a substance is converted into a different substance.
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Herp da derp, What are the three physical states? Define them.
- Solid
- Fixed shape that does not conform to the container shape.
- Liquid
- Varying shape that conforms to container shape, but only to the extent of the liquid's volume; has an upper surface.
- Gas
- Has a varying shape that conforms to the container, but fills the container, without any surfaces.
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Define the atomic scale states of matter (IE relative position of particles.)
- Solid
- The particles lie close to each other in a regular, three-dimensional array
- Liquid
- Particles lie close to each other, but move randomly around each other.
- Gas
- Particles have large distances between them and move randomly throughout the container.
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What is a general theme of chemistry?
Macroscopic-scale properties and behavior, those we can see, are results of atomic-scale properties and behavior we can't see.
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Define energy.
Le ability to do le work
- Kinetic:
- Energy in motion
- Potential:
- Energy of position
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What are the steps of the scientific method?
- Observations- data, often summarized in mathematical terms, as natural law.
- Hypothesis- proposal to explain an observation.
- Experiment- procedure to test a hypothesis.
- Model- Simplified, not exact, representation of some aspect of nature we use to predict related phenomena.
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What are the SI Units for:
Mass
Length
Time
Temperature
Electric Current
Amount of substance
Luminous intensity
Volume
- Mass- Kilogram (kg)
- Length- meter(m)
- Time- second(s)
- Temperature- Kelvin(K) [no degree sign]
- Electric Current- Ampere(A)
- Amount- Mole(mol)
- Luminous intensity- Candela(cd)
- Volume- cubic meter(m3) [chemists use Liter(L) and milliliter (mL)]
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What is an angstrom?
- An old unit still sometimes used:
- 1Å= 10-10 m = .1nm = 100pm
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What is the difference between temperature and heat?
- Temperature (T): measure of how hot or cold one object is relative to another.
- Heat: the energy that flows from the object with the higher temperature to the object with a lower temperature.
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Convert from Kelvin to Celsius and vice versa.
0K = -273.15°C
0°C = 273.15K
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Convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit.
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Convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius.
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