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what is the most important thing in oral examination and disease recognition
charting
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where is the main issue in the mouth
under the gum line
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what should you look for
- examine all structures around oral cavity
- is head symmetrical
- lymph node or salivary glands enlargement
- pain or swelling around face or neck
- halitosis-bad breath
- is gingival tissue smooth and healthy
- evidence of gingivitis or periodontitis
- accumulation of soft plaque
- presence of calculus-tartar
- fracture or worn teeth
- missing, crowded or rotated teeth
- retained deciduous or supernumerary
- smooth buccal cheek and sublingual tissue
- lumps and bumps in oral cavity
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what book can you go to for help if needed that is located in dental cart
the smile book
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what is the normal occlusion
- scissor bite in dogs and cats
- mandibular teeth come into contact with palatal side of maxillary teeth
- mandibular canines fit in diastema (opening) between lateral incisor and maxillary canines
- self cleaning machanism
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malocclusions orthodontic disease
oral disease caused by malalignment of teeth
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malocclusions class 1:CIO
- anterior cross bite
- posterior cross bite
- based narrowed canines
- spearing canine
- spearing lateral incisors
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malocclusions class 2:C2O
- mandible is shorter than than normal
- penetration of hard palate by canine and incisors causing irritation and ulceration
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malocclusion class 3
- mandibular prognathism-mandible too long, mandible incisors occlude labial to maxillary incisor excessive wear, injury to teeth, crowding of teeth
- maxillary brachygnathism- shortened maxilla, rotated maxillary teeth due to crowding, mandible may be bowed
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wry bite malocclusion
- central incisors of mandible, maxilla not aligned evenly
- due to uneven mandibular lengths or uneven development of maxilla
- may be genetic
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anodontia (malocclusion)
- missing teeth
- never developed, slow to erupt, fall out
- persistent primary teeth can cause abnormalities
- fractured primary teeth
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supernumerary teeth (malocclusions)
- extra teeth
- chart symbol is SN
- usually the incisors
- may cause crowding
- third set of teeth-extract innermost row
- peg tooth-abnormally formed usually canine and incisor region
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periodontal disease
- inflammation of structures around the tooth
- graded in level of attachment loss
- gingivitis leads to periodontalistis
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is gingivitis reversible
yes
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is periodontal disease reversible
- no
- we want to do is stop it or slow it down
- use clindoral as a antibiotic before dental procedure
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what is periodontal disease caused by
plaque
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what is plaque
- white, slippery film that collects around gingival sulcus
- composed of bacteria, food debris, exfoliated cells, salivary glycoproteins
- mineralizes on teeth to form dental calculus(tartar)
- bacterial endotoxins damage tooth as plaque build up-release toxin
- WBC attempt to destroy bacteria-harmful byproducts released
- normal oral heath lead to gingivitis which leads to periodontitis
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what should you do every time during dental procedures
measure pocket depth and check subgingival
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gingivitis
- inflammation of gingiva
- involves mostly gram positive bacteria
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what are the signs of gingivitis
- halitosis (bad breath), plaque, poor eating, drooling, bloody saliva, gingiva bleeds easily when probed
- fibrosis of gingival tissue chronic gingivitis
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what is the normal pocket depth in dogs
1-3mm
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what is the normal pocket depth in cats
up to 1mm
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periodontitis
- most common oral disease in dogs and cats
- affect surrounding tissue of tooth
- develops from untreated gingivitis, can develop within a few days
- involves mostly gram negative anaerobic bacteria-aggressive
- alveolar bone absorption follows destruction of periodontal ligament
- sub gingival plaque develops as periodontics develops which leads to sub gingival calculus (tartar)
- irreversible
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root planning
sub gingival removal of plaque and cleaning
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prevention a periodontal disease
- minimize accumulation of plaque
- routine dental cleaning when needed
- daily teeth brushing
- special dental diets-TD
- mouth rinsing with 2% chlorohexidine
- oravet application
- special dental chew
-
oravet
- wax after cleaning
- put on gum and teeth and create a barrier to prevent bacteria from getting in packet and gingiva space
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flori
- helps cover and desensitize teeth and open dentin tubules
- put on leave for a little and wipe off and prevents plaque
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feline stomatitis and faucitis
- sometimes called plasma cell stomatitis
- due to an immune reaction in which the body starts to have a reaction to the tartar that forms on the teeth
- extremely red and inflamed tissue
- need to get FIV test and calicvirus
- cobblestone appearance
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what are signs of feline stomatitis and faucitis
- weight loss
- not want to eat
- drool
- have bleeding gums
- halitosis
- hide more
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treatment for feline stomatitis
- control plaque by brushing or rinsing and frequent dental cleaning
- to control pain use anti inflammatory and pain meds no long term meds
- control bacteria with antibiotics
- may need to extract (pull) all teeth
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stains
- exposure of dentin brown
- often confused with caries
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abrasions
resulting from chewing
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attrition
friction of teeth against each other
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enamel hypoplasia
- damage to ameloblastes-decrease development
- high fever, trauma or traumatic extraction to teeth
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caries (cavities)
- class 1-pti and fissure on occlusal surface-very superficial
- class V- occur on gingival 3rd crown of tooth on buccal and labial surface
- common in cats
- usually premolars on cats
- cervical line lesion
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endodontic disease
- treatment of disease inside tooth
- causes fractures, trauma, iatrogenic factors
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