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All Enzymes are Specific ____________
In their action
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Most enzyme names end in
-ASE
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Examples of enzymes that DONT end in -ASE (two)
Trypsin, Pepsin
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Many Enzymes require a _______, but not all
co-factor
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Enzymes are sensitive to _______ and _________
Temperature and pH
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Salivary ________ acts on starch to produce _____________
amylase, maltose
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Salivary ________ acts on maltose to produce ___________
maltase, glucose
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Gastric _______ acts on milk protein to produce ________
rennin, curd
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Gastric ______ acts on proteins to produce ____________
Pepsin, oligopeptides
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Gastric ______ acts on fats to produce _____ _____ and _________
lipase, fatty acids and glycerol
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Pandreatic amylases act on starch to produce __________ (maltose), ________ (maltotriose), or _____ ______ _____
disaccharides, trisaccharides, alpha limit dextrins
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Pancreatic peptidases act on protiens to produce ______ and ___ ___
oligopeptides and amino acids
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Pancreatic lipases act on fats to produce _____ ______ _______, __________, and ________
free fatty acids, glycerol, and monoglycerides
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Intestinal _______ act on ogliopeptides to produce ____ ______
peptidases, amino acids
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Intestinal disaccharides (________, _________, _________) act on disaccharides to produce glucose, fructose, and galactose
maltase, sucrase, lactase
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Liver bile reacts with fats to produce (2 things)
soaps and glycerol
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Urea cycle enzymes use _________ to syntesize urea
ammonia
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Enzymes with a cofactor are called
Hologenzymes
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Enzymes without a cofactor are called
Apoenzymes
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Hormones regulate
Homeostasis
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Hormones respond to
Emergency Demands
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Hormones integrate
Growth
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Polypeptides are synthesized in the (4 things)
Brain, Pituitary Gland, Pancreas and Gut
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Steroids originate from
Cholesterol
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Steroids are synthesized in the
Adrenal Gland and Gonads
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Mechanisms of hormone action work through
receptor sites at the cell
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Proten hormones will react only with the cell ___________ because they are ______ soluble only
membrane, water
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Steroid hormones are ______ soluble and can go right through the cell ______
lipid, membrane
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Where do proteins use receptor sites?
cell membrane
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Where do Type 1 steroids use receptor cells?
Cytoplasm
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Where do Type 2 steroids use receptor cells?
Nucleus
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What are receptors?
Large protein macromolecules with high specificity and affinity
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What are 2 parts to a receptor?
Recognition site and Activation Site
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Most ________ as ingested are of no value to an animal, so they must be digested, absorbed and be able to be utilized by individual body cells
nutrients
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5 functions of the gut
Storage, Digestion, Absorption, Reject (excretion), Fermentation (for ruminants)
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READ THIS
- 3 things to say about birds: Pretty small
- relative to domestic animals
- Birds are very efficient because of 3
- sites of reverse peristalsis (pushes the food from the mouth to anus
one between gizzard and proventriculus
duodenum and gizzard
large intestine and ceca
- The cloaca s a joint opening to 3 tracts:
- urinary, reproductive, digestive system
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