ClinLab4:Microbiology

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  1. Microbiology is the study of _ organisms.
    unicellular
  2. Name 3 types of fungi:
    • mold
    • yeast
    • mushroom
  3. Name 3 bacteria shapes:
    • bacilli-rod
    • cocci-round
    • spirilli-spiral
  4. Bacteria are classified by:GSCSSPI
    • genus
    • species
    • color
    • shape
    • scientist who made discovery
    • place discovered
    • infection caused
  5. Name the structure:
    rigid outer layer of the cell
    gives the cell shape
    helps protect to cell from the environment
    cell wall
  6. Which bacteria doesn't have a cell wall?
    mycoplasma
  7. Name the structure:
    selectively semi-permeable
    cell membrane
  8. Name the structure:
    contains ribosomes and nucleic acids
    provides nutrients for the bacteria
    cytoplasm
  9. Name the structure:
    organelle within cell
    site of cellular division
    mesosome
  10. Name the structure:
    gelatinous covering around the outside of the cell
    helps to make bacteria antiphagocytic
    capsules
  11. Name the structure:
    whiplike structure used for locomotion
    flagella
  12. Name the structure:
    facilitates appearance of bacteria
    helps bacteria attach and move along mucous membranes
    pilli or fimbiria
  13. Name the structure:
    helps make bacteria very resistant
    form when bacteria is in unfavorable position
    survive pasteurization
    spores/endospores
  14. Name the 4 structures that bacteria always have:
    • cell wall
    • cell membrane
    • cytoplasm
    • mesosomes
  15. Name the 4 structures that bacteria may or may not have:
    • capsules
    • flagella
    • pilli or fimbiria
    • spores/endospores
  16. What are the 5 growth requirements?SVWPT
    • source of energy
    • vitamins/minerals
    • water
    • pH
    • temperature
  17. What is the organic molecule used for energy?
    carbon
  18. What is used to grow and reproduce? It is also a byproduct of protein metabolism.
    nitrogin
  19. Name 5 vitamins and minerals
    • P
    • S
    • Mg
    • Ca
    • Fe
  20. What percentage of water is in bacteria?
    7-10%
  21. What is the ideal pH?
    7-7.5
  22. What is the ideal temperature? C and F
    • 35-37C
    • 95-96.8F
  23. What is the ideal temperature for pathogenic bacteria? C and F
    • 20-40C
    • 68-104F
  24. Oxygen tolerance: Use cellular respiration to create energy (ATP) love O2
    Aerobic
  25. Oxygen tolerance: use fermentation to produce energy, odorous, found in tooth abcesses, hate oxygen
    anaerbic
  26. Oxygen tolerance: grow with or without O2, do either cellular respiration or fermentation
    facultative
  27. Oxygen tolerance:can only grow in specific amounts of O2
    microaerophilic
  28. Mesophilic bacteria are mainly pathogenic. What is their ideal temperature?
    • 20-40C
    • 68-104F
  29. Psychrophiles love the cold. What is their ideal temperature?
    • 0-30C
    • 32-86F
  30. Thermophiles are heat loving and can survive pasteurization. What is their ideal temperature?
    • 40-80C
    • 104-176F
  31. Bacteria are found everywhere what is another word for this?
    ubiquitous
  32. Where are normal flora found:GSROU
    • GI
    • skin
    • upper respiratory tract
    • oral cavity
    • anterior urethra
  33. Normal flora are never found where?BLCSUB
    • blood
    • lungs
    • CSF
    • synovial fluid
    • urine
    • bladder
  34. What two functions do normal flora do?
    • produce vitamins
    • prevent disease
  35. Pathogens are _ and _.
    • opportunistic
    • obligate(always cause dz)
  36. What does microbial antagonism mean?
    normal flora kill, injure, or inhibit growth of pathogenic rganisms
  37. Name a probiotic
    lactobacillas
  38. What property injures or destroys host cells?
    tissue invasion
  39. What are two toxin products?
    • exotoxins
    • endotoxins
  40. What toxin is produced in the cell walls, gets absorbed by the host cell, and makes the host sick while the bacteria is still alive?
    exotoxin
  41. What bacteria produce exotoxins?
    • gram-
    • gram+
  42. What toxin is produced by the cell wall to be released after the cell dies?
    endotoxins
  43. What kind of bacteria produces endotoxins?
    gram -
  44. Name some examples of bacteria with exotoxins:CB,CT
    • Clostridium botulinum
    • Clostridium tetari
  45. Name some examples of bacteria with endotoxins: EC,S
    • E. coli
    • Salmonella
  46. Name the 5 routes of transmission:DIFVP
    • direct
    • indirect
    • fomites
    • vector transmission
    • parenteral
  47. Name 5 types of host resistance:NIMPI
    • normal flora
    • intact skin
    • mucous membranes
    • phagocytosis
    • immune response
  48. What helps to fight dz?
    normal flora
  49. What is a physical barrier?
    intact skin
  50. What produces mucous and traps bacteria and other pathogens?
    mucous membranes
  51. Besides M.E.N. who is other a phagocyte?
    dendritic cells
  52. What cells are aqcuired? Which one produces antibodies?**
    • B cell***
    • T cell
  53. Samples are collected as aseptically as possible and stored in containers that prevent contamination. What is the goal of this?
    To obtain a sample from the patient that is representative of the disease process.
  54. 5 rules of collection:
    • minimal contamination
    • optimal times
    • adequate quantity
    • appropriate collection devices
  55. When using a swab what is the culturette?
    • bottom of holder
    • contains transport media
  56. When doing necropsy when should tissues be collected?
    within an hour of death

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Author:
 heather.dundas
ID:
 233574
Filename:
 ClinLab4:Microbiology
Updated:
2013-09-08 23:25:44
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