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Microbiology is the study of _ organisms.
unicellular
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Name 3 bacteria shapes:
- bacilli-rod
- cocci-round
- spirilli-spiral
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Bacteria are classified by:GSCSSPI
- genus
- species
- color
- shape
- scientist who made discovery
- place discovered
- infection caused
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Name the structure:
rigid outer layer of the cell
gives the cell shape
helps protect to cell from the environment
cell wall
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Which bacteria doesn't have a cell wall?
mycoplasma
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Name the structure:
selectively semi-permeable
cell membrane
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Name the structure:
contains ribosomes and nucleic acids
provides nutrients for the bacteria
cytoplasm
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Name the structure:
organelle within cell
site of cellular division
mesosome
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Name the structure:
gelatinous covering around the outside of the cell
helps to make bacteria antiphagocytic
capsules
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Name the structure:
whiplike structure used for locomotion
flagella
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Name the structure:
facilitates appearance of bacteria
helps bacteria attach and move along mucous membranes
pilli or fimbiria
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Name the structure:
helps make bacteria very resistant
form when bacteria is in unfavorable position
survive pasteurization
spores/endospores
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Name the 4 structures that bacteria always have:
- cell wall
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- mesosomes
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Name the 4 structures that bacteria may or may not have:
- capsules
- flagella
- pilli or fimbiria
- spores/endospores
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What are the 5 growth requirements?SVWPT
- source of energy
- vitamins/minerals
- water
- pH
- temperature
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What is the organic molecule used for energy?
carbon
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What is used to grow and reproduce? It is also a byproduct of protein metabolism.
nitrogin
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Name 5 vitamins and minerals
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What percentage of water is in bacteria?
7-10%
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What is the ideal pH?
7-7.5
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What is the ideal temperature? C and F
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What is the ideal temperature for pathogenic bacteria? C and F
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Oxygen tolerance: Use cellular respiration to create energy (ATP) love O2
Aerobic
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Oxygen tolerance: use fermentation to produce energy, odorous, found in tooth abcesses, hate oxygen
anaerbic
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Oxygen tolerance: grow with or without O2, do either cellular respiration or fermentation
facultative
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Oxygen tolerance:can only grow in specific amounts of O2
microaerophilic
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Mesophilic bacteria are mainly pathogenic. What is their ideal temperature?
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Psychrophiles love the cold. What is their ideal temperature?
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Thermophiles are heat loving and can survive pasteurization. What is their ideal temperature?
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Bacteria are found everywhere what is another word for this?
ubiquitous
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Where are normal flora found:GSROU
- GI
- skin
- upper respiratory tract
- oral cavity
- anterior urethra
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Normal flora are never found where?BLCSUB
- blood
- lungs
- CSF
- synovial fluid
- urine
- bladder
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What two functions do normal flora do?
- produce vitamins
- prevent disease
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Pathogens are _ and _.
- opportunistic
- obligate(always cause dz)
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What does microbial antagonism mean?
normal flora kill, injure, or inhibit growth of pathogenic rganisms
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Name a probiotic
lactobacillas
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What property injures or destroys host cells?
tissue invasion
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What are two toxin products?
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What toxin is produced in the cell walls, gets absorbed by the host cell, and makes the host sick while the bacteria is still alive?
exotoxin
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What bacteria produce exotoxins?
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What toxin is produced by the cell wall to be released after the cell dies?
endotoxins
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What kind of bacteria produces endotoxins?
gram -
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Name some examples of bacteria with exotoxins:CB,CT
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium tetari
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Name some examples of bacteria with endotoxins: EC,S
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Name the 5 routes of transmission:DIFVP
- direct
- indirect
- fomites
- vector transmission
- parenteral
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Name 5 types of host resistance:NIMPI
- normal flora
- intact skin
- mucous membranes
- phagocytosis
- immune response
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What helps to fight dz?
normal flora
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What is a physical barrier?
intact skin
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What produces mucous and traps bacteria and other pathogens?
mucous membranes
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Besides M.E.N. who is other a phagocyte?
dendritic cells
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What cells are aqcuired? Which one produces antibodies?**
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Samples are collected as aseptically as possible and stored in containers that prevent contamination. What is the goal of this?
To obtain a sample from the patient that is representative of the disease process.
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5 rules of collection:
- minimal contamination
- optimal times
- adequate quantity
- appropriate collection devices
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When using a swab what is the culturette?
- bottom of holder
- contains transport media
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When doing necropsy when should tissues be collected?
within an hour of death
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