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Neural Groove
a depression, forming along the axis of the neural plate, giving rise to the neural folds
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Neural Folds
peripheral folds around the neural groove, fuse three days following their formation with the help of the neural crests
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Neural Tube
result of the fusing of the neural folds, separates from the overlying ectoderm
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Neural Crest Derivatives
neural crest cells separate after pinching together to form the neural tube, whereupon they migrate into the embryo. They eventually give rise to:
- 1. dorsal root ganglia of the spinal chord
- 2. autonomic ganglia
- 3. parts of the ganglia of several cranial nerves
- 4. melanocytes
- 5. adrenal medulla
- 6. sheaths of peripheral nerves
- 7. dentin
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Somites
condensed mesenchymal columns on either side of the notochord (form ~ at end of 3rd week of development), eventually breaking into cuboidal structures in a cranial and caudal direction. Give rise to most of the axial skeleton and its attendant musculature and overlying dermis
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Cardiovascular System
(CVS) first fully functional organ system of the embryo
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Blood Islands
mesodermally-derived mesenchymal cells proliferating to make the blood island formation; eventually canalize to form primitive blood vessels. Endothelium lining of CVS differentiated from cells lining blood islands, and are further differentiated to form various blood cells
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CVS derivation
most of the CVS arises from splanchnic mesoderm (early heart), paraxial and lateral mesoderm, and neural crest
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Heart and Great Vessel Development
develop from paired early vessels to form the heart tube, which becomes linked to other elements of the CVS; blood beings circulating near the end of week 3, heartbeat begins around day 21
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