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4 types of soft tissue
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nerve
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Epithelial
Skin, vessel, organ lining
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Connective
Tendons, ligaments, cartilage, fat, blood, bone
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Muscle
Skeletal, smooth, cardiac
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Nerve
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
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Soft tissue adaptations
- Metaplasia
- Dysplasia
- Hyperplasia
- Atrophy
- Hyperplasia
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Metaplasia
Transformation of from one tissue to another
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Dysplasia
Abnormal development of tissue
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Hyperplasia
Excessive proliferation of tissue in normal arrangement
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Atrophy
Decrease in tissue size bc cell death
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Hypertrophy
Increase size of tissue w/o increase in cell number
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Cartilage healing
- Limited blood supply (little healing)
- Variable healing bc of chondrocyte and matrix disruption
- Failure of clotting in articular cartilage
- Normal healing with subchrondral bone
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Ligament healing
- Normal healing if have proper care
- Includes random laying down of collagen and with maturation realigns to stresses
- Full healing – 12months
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Factors that affect connective tissue healing
- Surgical repaired ligaments stronger bc less scar formation
- Intra-articular tears have synovial fluid preventing clotting
- Exercised ligaments stronger
- Muscles must be strengthened to reinforce joint
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Skeletal muscle healing
- Bleeding followed by proliferation of ground substance and fibroblast
- Myoblast cells make new myofibrils
- Collagen form along lines of tension
- Healing- 6-8 weeks
- Want ROM
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Tendon healing
- Requires dense fibrous union (w/ collagen) of separated ends
- Tendon attaches to surrounds and in 3 weeks separates
- Healing- 4-5 weeks
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Nerve Healing
- Cant regenerate
- Regeneration occur in nerve fiber
- Proximity of injury make regeneration more difficult
- 1/8-1/6 in (3-4mm) repair per day
- Peripheral nerve heal better than central
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