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vanessasoto
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what are the four types of hand instruments
- probe
- explorer
- scaler
- curette
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what are the parts to the hand instruments
- handle
- shank-neck
- working end
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what 2 hand instruments usually manufacture as one piece
probe and explorer
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probe
banded in mm for measuring pocket depth
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explorer
- used to detect plaque and calculus
- check for cavities and exposed pulp chambers
- checks for cervical line lesions and surface irregularities
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what are the different types of explorers
- Shepherds Hook
- Pigtail Explorer
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Shepherds Hook
most common
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Pigtail explorer
twisted to allow only tip (not sides) of instrument to touch tooth
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calculus removal forceps
- allows quick removal of large pieces of calculus
- one end is larger than the other
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what do you do with the long of forceps
place over crown
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what do you do with the short end of forceps
place under edge of calculus
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scalers
- three sharp sides, sharp tip
- scales calculus from crown surface
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what instrument don't we use subgingivally and why
scaler because could damage gingiva and periodontal ligament
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where are most of the teeth
on the buccal surface of the teeth
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curettes
two sharp sides, round toe
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what instrument can be used subgingivally and supragingivally
curettes
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where does the sharp edge of the curettes go
towards the tooth
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what does the round toe of the curette keep you from doing
keeps you from causing damage to the gingiva
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power scaler
converts electrical or pneumatic energy into mechanical vibration
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what does the vibration from power scaler do
shatters calculus
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what are the three type of power scalers
- ultrasonic
- sonic and rotary
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ultrasonic scaler
- converts sound waves into mechanical vibration
- most commonly used
- used supragingivally and subgingivally but be careful
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sonic and rotary
converts air into mechanical vibration
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what does most of the work on power scaler
vibrating tip
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what is the biggest concern using the power scaler
heat
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what does the water do in the power scaler
cools the tooth
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how long should you stay in tooth using the power scaler
a few sec then move on to the next one
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what is the power scaler used for
fine plaque
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what don't you use the power scaler for
to remove obvious big chunks of plaque
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where are the sound waves picked up from in the ultrasonic scaler
- picked up at hand piece
- device in hand piece pick up sound waves and turns it into vibration
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ultrasonic metal strips/stacks
18k, 25k, 30k cycles/second
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what is the amplitude of tip movement in ultrasonic scaler
- 0.01-0.05mm
- very small movement
- very narrow motion
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why is it better to have lower amplitude using the ultrasonic scaler
causes less damage to tooth
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ultrasonic and combination electrical motor
- used for polishing and simple cutting of teeth
- usually not as effective as air power
- low speed hand speed not good to extract wit sectioning teeth
- we have this one
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what do to you do if a metal strip/stock unit is used as a ultrasonic tip
turn unit on and let it fill with water before inserting strip
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what are the 3 types of ultrasonic tip
- beaver tail tip
- perioprobe tip
- furcation tip
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beaver tail tip
- wide tip
- supragingival cleaning
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perioprobe tip
- thin
- can be used subgingivally
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furcation tip
- hooked to left or right- increased access to nooks and crannies
- can be used subgingivally
- curved
- branch off
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do we used rotary scalers why or why not
no because can easily damage tooth and burs become dull quickly
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what are the dental units for polishing and drilling
- electric motor powered system
- air powered system
- air compressor system
- low speed hand piece
- high speed hand piece
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electric motor powered system
- least expensive
- operate at lower speed
- higher torque
- not as good as air powered systems
- -usually don't come with water or irrigation system
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air powered systems
- cylinder-room air or nitrous (don't use)
- air compressor- most prevalent
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air compressor system
- pumps air into an air storage tank
- pressure in tank reaches 80-100 psi; compressor turns off
- hand piece uses 30-40 psi
- when pressure has decreased to minimum setting compressor kicks in again
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low speed hand pieces
- high torque and slow speed (5k-20k rpm)
- used for polishing with porphy angles
- and other procedures with contra angles (attachment used to change either direction or speed rotation)
- lubricate at end of each day; according to manufacturer specs
- can be used for cutting disk
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high speed hand piece
- 300k-400k rpm
- used for cutting teeth and root canal entries
- lubricate daily
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what should employers provide for safety requirements
- safety glasses
- mask
- gloves
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what is employees responsibility
to use safety requirements
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eye protection
prevent foreign objects and bacteria from entering eye
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mouth/lung protection
biological vapor from high speed equipment
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hand/skin protection
disease control and prevents infection
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