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of any infectious diseases is the natural habitat of its causative agent. Some organisms can multiply in soil or water and cannot shed the microorganism.
Reservoir
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this is reservoir like in that it can be clinically infected and can shed microorganisms that cause disease
Carriers
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reservoirs and carriers are distinguished from the source of infection, which can be any vertebrate, invertebrate or inanimate object (fomite)
source
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implies spread of a disease following inanimate contact with a carrier, or a reservoir.
contagious infection
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an infection refers to its ability of spread from infected to susceptible host
Transmissibility or communicability
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two types of transmissiblity/communicability
- Horizontal transmission
- vertical transmission
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the most frequent and important means of spread. This involves direct physical contact or close approximation between the host and the susceptible individuals
direct contact transmission
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the transmission involving the transfer of infectious organisms form the carrier to a susceptible host by animate or inanimate intermediates known as vehicles or fomites
indirect transmission
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spread of infection dependent upon the ability t resistant microorganisms to travel for relativity long distances or to survive in the environment for extended periods until the encounter a susceptible host
airborne
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diseases spread by arthropods most commonly that transmit infection form the infected host through its excretion /blood to a susceptible individual
vector borne
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4 vector borne types
- mechanical vector
- biological vector
- transovial (inutero/transplacental)
- transmammary
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a vector that transmits an infected agent without change in the agent (no molts)
Mechanical vector
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a vector that transmits an infected agent with molting of that agent while in the vector
Biological vector
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transmission resulting with the vector transfers the organism to its progeny (offspring) in the ovary or placenta
Transovial (inutero/ transplacental)
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transfer of etiological agent in the milk (aka - glactogenic)
transmammary
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transmission of infectious etiology from molting stages such as nymph to the current host.
transstadial transmission (interstadial)
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a disease that is present at birth or develops due to the effects of some etiological factor/ before or during pregnancy, or in the uterus or placenta
Congenital
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a diseases or disorder that can be passed on form either or both parents to their offspring.
hereditary
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5 environmental control methods for microbes
- sterilization
- cold sterilization
- sanitation
- disinfection
- antiseptics
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the process by which microorganisms are completely destroy by chemical or physical means
sterilization
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the practice of immersing items in a disinfectant solution (cidex / glutaraldeyde) to reduce the levels of contamination. Must be submerged for hours and kill spores
cold sterilization
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this is the destruction of most pathogenic microorganisms, especially the active vegetative forms, but to sores. These chemicals are used on inanimate objects like tables or floors
disinfection
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are disinfectants by definition and have the same properties as disinfectants but is used strictly for the skin of animals.
Antiseptics
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in 1546 suggested that diseases results are not an "act of god" but from living organisms
Fracastoro
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in 1676 devised the first microscope allowing for direct observation of bacteria
Leeuwenhoek
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in 1762 suggested specific diseases is caused by specific organisms
von Plenciz
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in 1892 discovered viruses
Iwanowski
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what are the 7 etiologies
- protozoa
- fungus
- bacteria
- rickettsiae
- chlamydiae
- mycoplasmas
- viruses
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normal pulse rate for a dog
60-120 bpm
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normal pulse rate for a cat
110-130 bpm
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normal temperature for a dog
100-102 degrees F
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normal temeperature for a cat
100 - 102 degrees F
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normal respiration for a dog
10-30 rpm
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normal respiration rate for a cat
20-30 rpm
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normal leukopenia count for a dog and cat
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normal PCV for a dog and cat
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normal hemoglobin (gm/100 ml) for a dog and cat
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what is the gestation period for a dog and cat
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what is the estrus cycle for a dog and cat
- dog 6 months
- cat 15-21 days (induced ovulators)
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BUN count for a dog and cat
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what is the glucose level for a dog and cat
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coagulation time for a dog, cat and horse
- dog - 1-5 minutes
- cat - 1-5 minutes
- horse - 3-15 minutes
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what does mch stand for
mean corpuscular hemoglobin, this is the capacity to carry blood is increased or decreased
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