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lcunrod7
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cell membrane; separates cell contents from extracellular fluid
plasma membrane
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material between cell membrane and nuclear membrane; colloid containing many proteins
cytoplasm
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subdivision of cytoplasm known as intacellular fluid
cytosol
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subdivision of cytoplasm known as "little organs" intracellular structures with specific functions
organelles
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not completely enclosed by membranes indirect contact with cytosol
nonmembraneous
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what are the 5 nonmembraneous organelles
cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, cilia, ribosomes
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enclosed in a phospholipid membrane isolated from cytosol
membranous
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what are the 6 membraneous organelles
mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes
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structure: membrane extensions containing microfilaments
function: increase surface area for absorption
microvilli
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organizing center containing pair of centrioles
centrosome
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structure: fine protein filaments or tubes
function: strength and support, intracellular movement of structures and materials
cytocskeleton
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structure: RNA and proteins; fixed: attached to endoplasmic reticulum; free: scattered in cytoplasm;
function:protein synthesis
ribosomes
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structure: vesicles containing degradative enzymes
function: catabolism of fats/ other organic compounds, neutralization of toxic compounds
perioxisome
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structure: vesicles containing digestive enzymes
function: removal of damaged organelles or pathogens
lysosome
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structure: stacks of flattened membranes (cisternae) containing chambers
function:storage, aleration, and packaging of synthesized products
golgi apparatus
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structure: double membrane inner member contains metabolic enzymes
function: production of 95% of cellular ATP
power house of cell
mitochondria
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structure: fluid nucleoplasm containing enzymes, proteins, DNA, and nucleotides; surrounded by double membrane
function: control of metabolism, storage/processing of genetic information; control of protein synthesis
controlling center of cell
nucleus
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structure: membranous sheets and channels
function: synthesis of secretory products, storage, and transport
endoplasmic reticulum
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no attached ribosomes, synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates
smooth er
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attached ribosomes, modifies/packages newly synthesized proteins
rough er
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selectively permeable that controls entry of ions and nutrients, elimination of wastes, release of secretions
plasma membrane
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superficial membrane carbohydrates; components of complex molecules
glycocalyx
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carbohydrates with protein attached
proteoglycans
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protein with carbohydrates attached
glycoproteins
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lipids with carbohydrates attached
glycolipids
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cell recognition, binding to extracellular structures, lubrication of cell surface
glycocalyx
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part of cell membrane, cannot be removed without damaging cell, often span entire cell membrane, can transport water or solutes (transmembrane proteins)
integral proteins
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attached to cell membrane surface, removable, fewer than integral proteins
peripheral proteins
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mostly comprised of phospholipid molecules in two layers, isolate cytoplasm from extracellular fluid
phospholipid bayer
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hydrophilic heads at membrane surface, hydrophobic tails on the inside
phospholipid bayer
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physical isolation, regulation of exchange with external enviornment, sensitivity to environment, structural support, lipid bayer provides isolation, proteins perform most other functions
plasma membrane
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6nm in diameter, typically composed of cell, commonly at periphery of cell
microfilaments
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finger-shaped extensions of cell membrane, has core of of microfilaments to stiffen and anchor, enhance surface area of cell for absorption
microvilli
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layer inside plasma membrane in cells forming a layer or lining
terminal web
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7-11nm in diameter, strongest and most durable cytoskeleton elements
intermediate filaments
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25nm in diameter, largest components of cytoskeleton, extend outward from centrosome (near nuclues)
microtubules
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