Unit 2 cont

much of space is occupied by ground substance cells and fibers widely dispersed within to ground substances

-closely packed fibers
-very little ground substance
-few cells
-dense regular and dense irregular tissue

Major types of connective tissue

-loosely organized fibers, abundant blood vessels and alot of seemingly empty space
-underlying all epithelia forming passageway for nerves and blood vessels

-mesh reticular fibers and fibrous blasts
-forms the structural framework of such organs as the lymph nodes, spleen,thymus, and bone marrow

-densly, packed, parallel collogen fibers; compressed fibroblast nuclei and open space
-tendens and ligaments hold bones together and attach muscles to bones

-densely packed collagen fibers running in random direction; open space; few visible cells
-withstands stresses applied in different directions
-deeper portion of skin; capsules around organs

-large empty looking cells with then margins; nucleus presses against cell membrane
-energy storage, insulation, spacefilled as cushioning

fibers of the connective tissue

-tough, resist stretch yet flexible
-tendons, ligament and deep layer of skins
-found in cartilage and bone
-base of gelatin, leather, glue

-thin collagen fibers coated with glyco protein
-forms framework for spleen and lymph nodes

-thin branching fibers made of skin
-stretch and recoil like rubber band
-give skin,lungs and arteries ability to stretch and recoil

cells of connective tissue

-large cells that often show, slow slender, wispy branches
-they produce fibers and ground substances that form the matrix of the tissue

-large phogcytic cells that wander through the connective tissue
-they phagocytize bactieria and dead or dying cells in the connective tissue
-some activate the immune system when they sense foreign matter

-travel briefely in the blood stream, then crawl out through the walls of small blood vessels and spend most of their time in connective tissue searching for bacterica to phocytize

attacks bacters

react against bacteria, toxins, and other foreign agents

store fat

syntesize anti bodies to fight foreign invaders

secrete heparin that inhibts clotting and histamine that dilates blood vessels

-supportive connective tissue with rubbery matrix
-No blood vessels so diffusion must bring in nutrients and remove wastes
-chondroblasts produce matrix once surrounded become chondrocytes

-clear, glassy matrix, fine dispersed collagen fibers, chondrocytes is small clusters enclosed in lucanae
-supports airway eases joint movents
-over end of bones at movable joints; steral end or ribs; supportive material in larynx, trachea, bronchi and fatal skeleton

-weblike mesh of elastic fibers amongst the lucuanae; 
-provide, flexible; elastic support
-external ear and epiglottis

catilage containing extensice paralellel collagen fibers
resit compression and absorbs shock in some joints
pubic syphysis, menicus and intervertebral discs

osseous tissue

-filled with fibers
-hardness due to solid matrix made of mineral salts called hydroxyapatite

-delicate struts of bone
-fills heads of long bone
-always covered by compact bone

more complex arrangement
cells and matrix surrounding veritcally oriented blood vessels in long bones

thin layers arranged in concentric pattern around longitudinal tubers called haversian canal

-tiny lakes in the lamellae
- has ostecytes(bone cells)

connect the cells in the lacuna to the central blood vessel in the osteon
bone heals rapidly because of its good blood supply

-a cartilage cell, a former chondroblast the has become enclosed in a lacunae in the carilage matrix

runs logitudinally through long bones such as the femur

bone forming cell that arises from an osteogenic cell, depsits bone matrix and eventrally becomes an osteocyte

when oteoblast becomes surrounded by its own matrix and entrapped in a lacuna

-extends from neurosoma, multiple short branched processes
-recieves signals from other cells and conduct messages to th neurosoma and the axon

-longer than dendrites
-sends outgoing signals to the outer celss
-some are more than a meter long

-long cylindrical, unbranched cells, with striation and multiple peripheral nucleic
-movement, facial expression, postue, breathing, speech, swallowing and excretion

-short branced cells with stration and inter calated discs; one central nuclei per cell
-pumping of blood
-found in heart

-nonstrated with only one central nucleus
-swallowing, GI funtion, labor contraction, control of airflow, errection of hairs and control of pupil
-sheets of muscle in viscera;iris;hair follicles and sphincters