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efrain12
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What are tissues?
groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function
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which are the 4 basic tissues?
-epithelial tissue
-connective tissue
-muscle tissue
-nervous tissue
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basic tissues- quick description of epithelial tissue?
- covers or lines something
- *also forms glands
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basic tissues- quick description of connective tissue?
gives support
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basic tissues- quick description of muscle tissue?
helps us move
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basic tissues- quick description of nervous tissue?
controls our bodies
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What is an epitheleal tissue or epithelium?
a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity
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epithelial cells- 6 special properties
- -celullarity
- *lots of packed cells
- -specialized contacts
- *cells fit closely
- -polarity apical specializations
- *cells have a top and bottom
- -connective tissue support
- *it rests on a layer of connective tissue
- **the basement membrane
-avascular
-regeneration
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epithelial-apical specializations- cilia (3)
-motile
-propels substances along
-grw from surface of the cell
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epithelial-apical specializations- Microvilli?
-increase surface area
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What is basement membrane?
connects tissue which supports all epithelia
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2 general types of epithelial cells
-simple
-stratified
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general types of epithelial cells- simple
single layer of cells
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general types of epithelial cells- stratified
more than one layer of cells
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4 examples of simple epithelial cells
-squamos
-cuboidal
-columnar
-pseudostratified
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3 examples of stratified cells
-squamous
-cuboidal
-columnal
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where do simple epithelium cells rest?
- on the basement membrane
- *not all reach the apical surface though
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simple epithelial- simple squamous description (3)
-single layered cells
-very thin
-simplest of epithelia
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What is a simple squamous used for?
- filtration membrane where substances need to be exchanged
- *permeable
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2 parts where simple squamous can be found?
-kidney tubules
-alveoli in lungs
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simple epithelial- Simple cuboidal description
-cube shaped cells in a row
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simple epithelial- Function of simple cuboidal (2)
-secretion and absorption
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2 examples of simple cuboidal
-kidney tubules
-ducts of glands
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simple epithelial- simple columnar description
tall blocks in a row
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simple epithelial- simple columnar fucntion (2)
-absorption
-secretion of mucus
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2 areas where simple columnar can be found
-digestive tract
-bronchi in lungs
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simple epithelial- Pseudostratified description
- -all cells rest on basement membrane but not all cells reach the surface
- *the layer has cells of differing heights
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simple epithelial- function of pseudostratified (2)
-secretion particularly of mucus
-propulsion of mucus by cillary action
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location of pseudostratified cells
trachea
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Do all of the stratified epithelium cells touch the basement and apical surface?
no not all
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How are the stratified epithelium cells classified by?
-classified by the surface layer of cells
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stratified epithelial cells- description of stratified squamous (2)
- -surface cells are full of keratin and dead
- *dry
- *skin
- -basal cells are active in mitsois and porduce new cells
- *wet
- *inside the body
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stratified epithelial cells- stratified squamous- location of keratinized
skin
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stratified epithelial cells- stratified squamous-location of non-keratinized
moist linings like the mouth
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stratified epithelial cells- what is the function of the straitified squamous?
protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion
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stratified epithelial cells-function of transitional (stratified cuboidal) (2)
-stretches readily
-permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine
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where can transtional epithelial be found? (2)
-urinary bladder
-ureters
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stratified epithelial cells- fucntion of stratified columnar (2)
-protection
-secretion
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stratified epithelial cells- is the stratified columnar abundant in the body?
no, it is rare
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stratified epithelial cells- where is one location that stratified columnar can be found at?
male urethra
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glandular epithelium-endocrine (2)
-no ducts
-they secrete into the blood system
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glandular epithelium- exocrine (2)
-ducts
-they release their substances through the glands which then connects to the skin or a specific organ
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what does connective tissues do? (2)
-connects things in the body
-also a packing susbtance
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what if the origin of connective tissue?
mesenchyme
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2 structural elemtns of connective tissue
-cells
-matrix
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strucutural elements of connective tissues- cells(2)
-synthesize matrix
-maintain health of tissue
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strucutural elements of connective tissues- Matrix (non cellular) what 2 things make up a matrix?
-ground substance
-fibers
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what is ground substance? (3)
-amorphous
-composed of GAGs
-traps and holds water to alter vicosity
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connective tissue proper- loose- areolar description (2)
-gel like matrix
-contains: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and WBC
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connective tissue proper-loose-areolar function (4)
-wraps and cushions organs
-macrophagus phagocytize bacteria
-importnt role in inflammation
-packages organs
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connective tissue proper- loose-areolar how common is it?
it is the most abundant
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connective tissue proper-loose- adipose tissue-desription
-closely packed adipocytes have nucleus psuhed to the side
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connective tissue proper-loose- adipose tissue-fucntion (3)
-stores nutrients
-insulates the body
-supprots and protects the organs
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connective tissue proper-loose- adipose tissue-does this tissue have a lot of matrix room?
- no just many cells
- *the matrix is sparse
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connective tissue proper-loose- reticular tissue- description (2)
-network of fibers
-forms a skeleton like structure
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connective tissue proper-loose- reticular tissue-fucntion
- -supports other cell types
- *fibers form a soft internal skeleton
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what are connective tissue proper, dense connective tissue made offf?
mostly of fibers
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connective tissue proper- dense connective tissues-dense regular connective tissue description
-fibers run parallel to each other very closely packed
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connective tissue proper- dense connective tissues-dense regular connective tissue-functions (3)
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-attaches msucle to bone or to msucles
-attaches bone to bones
-withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction
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connective tissue proper- dense connective tissues-dense regular connective tissue- what are the fibers made out of?
fibroblast
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connective tissue proper- dense connective tissues-dense irregular connective tissue - location
-dermis of the skin
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connective tissue proper- dense connective tissues-dense irregular connective tissue - function (2)
-withstands tension exerted in many direction
-provides structural strength
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connective tissue proper- dense connective tissues-dense irregular connective tissue -what is the major cell type for these?
fibroblast
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connective tissue proper- dense connective tissues-dense irregular connective tissue -description (2)
-irregularly arranged collagen fibers
-fibrous covering of organs
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what is a cutaneous membrane? (2)
-skin
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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what is mucous membrane? (2)
-mucosa
- -lines body cavities with epithelium
- *opens to the outside
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WHat is serous membrane? (2)
-serosa
- -covers organs and lines body cavities with epithelium
- *lines body cavities, so is not exposed to the outside
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What cells make up cartilage?
chondrocytes
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what two things makes up cartilage matrx?
-ground substance
- -fibers
- *collagen or elastic
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cartilage- hyaline cartilage- are fibers visible on hyaline cartilage?
no
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cartilage- hyaline cartilage-is the hyaline cartilage most abundant or rare?
most abundant
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cartilage- hyaline cartilage- what does hyaline cartilage cover?
articular surfaces
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cartilage- elastic cartilage- description
-high amounts of elastic fibers
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cartilage- elastic cartilage-function
maintains the shape of a structure while allwoing great flexibility
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cartilage- elastic cartilage-location
-external ear
-epiglottis
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cartilage- fibro cartilage-description
-matrix similar to hyaline but has high amounts of collagen fibers
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cartilage- fibro cartilage-fucntion
-tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock
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cartilage- fibro cartilage-location
-intervetebral disks
-pubic symphysis
-knee menesci
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what is the cell of bones?
osteocytes
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what is a bones matrix made off?
fibers are collagen
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what does the bones ground substance contain?
inorganic salts of calcium and phosphate tgat give its rigidity
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Why is blood an atypical connective tissue?
bc it does not support things
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what are the cells of the blood?
blood cells
*white and red blood cells
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What is the ground subsatnce of blood?
plasma
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when do the fibers of blood appear?
when the blood is clotting
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what is muscle tissue responsible for?
movements outside and inside of the body
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what are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
-skeletal
-cardiac
-smooth
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muscle tissue-skeletal muscle- function (2)
-voluntary movement
-muscles of our body that make our bones move, also face
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muscle tissue-skeletal muscle-is this muscle striated?
yes, microscopically
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muscle tissue-cardiac muscle-function (2)
-involuntary
-as it contracts, propels blood into circulation
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muscle tissue-cardiac muscle-location
-in the walls of the heart
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muscle tissue-smooth msucle-fucntion (2)
-involuntray
-propels substances along internal passageways
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muscle tissue-smooth msucle-is it straited?
no
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muscle tissue-cardiac muscle- is it striated?
yes
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muscle tissue-smooth msucle-location
-walls of organs
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nervous tissue- fucntion
conducts impulses
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nervous tissue- what are the supporting cells on the CNS called?
glial cells
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nervous tissue-what are the supproting cells on the peripheral called?
schwann cells
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nervous tissue-location
-brain
-spinal cord
-nerves
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