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vanessasoto
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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how long should you centrifuge a sample and how many rpm
3-5 minutes at ~2000 rpm
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steps for sediment testing
- centrifuge sample
- decant supernatant
- may stain or use unstained
- place sediment on slide
- low power scan 10x
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what supravital stain is commonly used for sediments testing
new methylene blue and sedistain
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romanowsky stains used for
diff quick or wrights
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what are gram stains used for
bacteria
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how do you examine sediments
- adjust light
- examine entire slide
- quantify cells and casts
- note organisms-expect bacteria unless sterile
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how would you number cells and cast when doing a sediment examine
- number per high power field
- number per low power field
- tntc- too numerous to count
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what are found in high power field 40x
cells and organisms
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what cells do you see in sediments
- epithelial cell
- erythrocytes
- leukocytes
- bacteria and yeast
- sperm
- parasite eggs-not usually found
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what are the unorganized sediments
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crystal
- many hard to id
- only cysteine significant
- don't worry about it unless fresh
- seen in low power 10x
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cast
- usually large and cylindrical
- from renal tubule
- don't do much with it
- seen in low power 10x
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erythrocytes
- small round cells
- uniform in size
- no internal structure-no nucleus
- crenate in hypertonic urine
- swell in hypotonic urine
- up to 5/hpf is okay
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leukocytes
- round cells
- slightly larger than rbcs
- usually appear granular-nuclear shape may be visible
- up to 8/hpf is wnl
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what wbc is mostly seen
neutrophils
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what is the largest cell you will see
epithelial cell
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epithelial cell
- squamous large plate like-vaginal distal urethra, rounded nucleus
- transitional-line urinary tract
- renal cells-from tubules in kidney, smallest, least common, slightly larger than wbc
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squamous cell
- large plate like
- small nucleus
- angular outline
- from vagina urethra and prepuce
- common in free catch
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transitional cell
- vary in size
- second to largest cell in urine
- round to oval
- line bladder and urethra
- increase in inflammation
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whats another word for neutrophil wbc
segs
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renal cell
- slightly larger than wbc
- resemble mononuclear cells
- normal in small numbers
- if a lot hard to tell from wbc
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bacteria
- normal in voided samples
- abnormal in cystocentesis
- if significant see a lot of wbc
- small may vibrate-Brownian movement
- rods, cocci, in clumps and chains
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what is the most common cast seen
granular
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cast
- large see in low power 10x
- usually cylindrical
- ends rounded or blunt
- 2-4/lpf within normal limits
- if more suggest renal damage
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