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The flashcards below were created by user
rpanek
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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the development process of a disease is called
pathogenesis
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a harmful trigger that causes loss of health/disease
an etiological agent
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what are the 7 etiologies
- protozoa (one cell)
- fungus (mold,yeast)
- bacteria (coccus, bacillus, spirillum)
- rickettsiae (arthropods as vectors)
- chlamydiae (not understood)
- mycoplasmas (smallest free living)
- viruses (either DNA or RNA)
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what are 3 internal etiological factors
- genetic - defect or mutation of the genome
- immune system - defect of response
- aging - natural process of aging
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what are 4 external etiological factors
- physical - trauma, pressure,
- chemical - toxins, poisons, heavy metals
- infections - parasites, bacteria, viruses, fungi
- envioronmental - nutrition, temperature, radiation, hygiene
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what are 6 causes/types of disease
- hereditary - gene carriers
- congenital diseases - pregnancy
- deficiency diseases - inability to digest
- physical trauma - lacerations
- poison diseases - toxins interfering
- metazoan diseases - multicellular/unicellular
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5 host factors that influence dogs and cats to contract infectious diseases
- developmental anomalies of the immune system
- maternal immunity
- age at the time of exposure
- concurrent illness
- nutrition
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5 enviornmental factors that influence dogs and cats to contract infectious diseases
- population density
- sanitation
- ventilation
- accumulation of excretion
- animal movement from population
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3 most important agent factors to contract diseases
- virulence
- dosage
- route of inoculation
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5 principals of control
- vaccination programs
- clinical signs
- identify asymptomatic carriers
- isolate young animals
- prioritize cleanliness (sanitation/ventilation)
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5 control factors for shelters
- temperature - 72 degrees
- humidity - 40 - 60%
- air exchanges - 17/hour or 12/hr
- light cycle - 14 light/10 dark
- bleach - kill parvo and other non enveloped viruses.
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what is the chemical name for bleach
sodium hypochlorite
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what is the bleach solution to kill parvo and other viruses
1 part bleach and 30 parts water
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what are the two purposes for vaccination
- protect and treat the individual
- heard immunity
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2 reasons vaccination of animals has contributed to improvement of human health
- improve efficiency of food animal production
- preventing the spread of zoonotic diseases (rabies)
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what are 3 types of vaccines?
- modified live - attenuated
- killed - non-attenuated
- recombinant
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what 4 etiologies can vaccines be made from
- viruses
- bacteria
- rickettsiae
- fungi
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vaccines made form killed bacteria are called
bacterins
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explain a vaccine response
- vaccine is administered
- immune system responds by producing antibodies specific to the antigen
- this usually stimulates cell mediated immunity
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type of vaccine that is safe and produces antibodies
killed vaccine
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type of vaccine that is not as safe, contains actual "bug", provides superior protecion because it stimulates antibody production and humoral immunity
modified live vaccine
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type of vaccine that is considered to be superior antibody better (gp70 type) and stimulates both cell mediated immunity and humoral immunity
recombinant vaccine
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another name for a modified live vaccine
attenuated
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another name for a killed vaccine
inactivated
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why are names like attenuated and inactivated preferred when talking about modified-live and killed vaccines
the viruses do not completely fulfill the definition of living organism because it can no longer reproduce
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term meaning to prevent disease
prophylaxis
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the portion of the antigen that actually binds with the antibody is called
epitope
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spedific parts of the infective agent that are recognized by the immune system are called
antigens
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along with the inactive pathogen what are the 5 things often found in vaccines
- cell remnants from the culture
- buffers
- pH indicators
- preservatives
- adjuvants (enhance immune response)
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[blank] was added to vaccines (modified live) to encourage an inflammatory response
adjuvants
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most common adjuvant used
aluminum
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[blank] occurred due to the aluminum adjuvants added to vaccines (modified live) in cats
malignant sarcomas
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3 reasons recombinant vaccines are better
- complete immunity - both humoral and cell mediated
- no virulence - pars of the virus are controlled and cannot cause the disease
- no adjuvants are needed
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what are the two kinds of immunity
- humoral immunity
- cell mediated immunity
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humoral immunity is also called
B cell immunity
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cell mediated immunity is also called
T cell immunity
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humoral immunity consist of [blank] and four immunoglobulins
- [blank] = B lymphocytes
- IgG
- IgM
- IgA
- IgE
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the humoral response (aka immunity) involves [blank] and [blank]
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B cells are produced in these 5 areas of the body
- bone marrow (very little)
- spleen
- lymph nodes
- thymus
- lymph nodes of the intestines (Peyer's patches)
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what are 4 reasons that many vaccines fail
- animal's response (genetics, underlying disease, drugs in vaccine)
- handling and administration of vaccine
- maternal antibody interference
- strain in vaccine is too different from the strain needed for protection
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what are 4 failures for a immune response
- maternal antibodies
- human error
- preexisting infection
- time
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what are 3 complications related with vaccination
- pain and lethargy
- anaphylaxis
- injection-site reaction
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what are 3 types of injection-site reactions
- granulomas
- sarcoma
- vaculitis
- uveitis (uvea is the middle layer of the eye)
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what do each of the letters for DHLPPC stand for?
- D = canine distemper
- H= hepatitis (CAV-2/canine adenovirus type 2)
- L = leptospirosis
- P = canine parainfluenza
- P = canine parvovirus
- C = canine carona virus
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what is the vaccination schedule for a puppy from 6 weeks to 1 year
- 6 weeks - parvo
- 8-10 weeks - DHLPPC and Bordetella
- 10-12 weeks - DHLPPC and Bordetella
- 14-16 weeks - DHLPPC and rabies
- 20 weeks - parvo
- 6 months - parvo
- 1 year - DHLPPC, Rabies and Bordetella
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what are 5 signs for a anaphylaxis reaction in a patient
- hives
- facial swelling
- angioneurotic edema (swelling under the skin)
- respiratory distress
- severe diarrhea
- shock
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this injection site reaction is a lump the sometimes forms at the vaccination site. Its harmless and usually regresses in a few day.
granulomas
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this injection site reaction usually happens in cats and is usually caused by vaccines with aluminum based adjuvants. This also has a grave long term prognosis and take about 3 months to develop
sarcoma
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this injection site reaction happens when the vaccine antigen and antibody are placed in the walls of a small blood vessel.
Vasculitis
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this injection site reaction has been reported with CAV-1 (canine adenovirus type 1) vaccines and causes swelling in the middle layer of the eye
uveitis
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