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What is a specific population?
A group of people who have similar health needs and can be grouped together when targeting health prevention.
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Define Access.
Able to reach, use and a service or product.
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List 5 barriers to accessing a health product or service.
- Can't afford it
- Can't get to it (transport)
- It's not open when you need it
- Don't understand what to do (language or health literacy)
- service is confusing to use
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List 5 advocacy strategies.
- Lobbying
- Champions
- Influencing policy
- Mobilising groups
- Framing
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Define advocacy.
Active support of an idea or cause. Standing up for people who cannot stand up for themselves.
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What is an argument?
A discussion to justify a position. How you explain your conclusions.
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Define assertiveness.
To insist on your rights being heard while being respectful and considerate.
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Define a barrier in health promotion.
A challenge. Something that prevents success.
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Define bias.
Anything that produces results that differ from the truth eg presenting one side of an argument or leading people to agree with you.
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What is Chronic disease and give an example.
- A disease that builds up over time (non-communicable, not infectious). Also take a long time to treat or recover.
- Eg, Diabetes, obesity or cancer.
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What does coping mean?
Cognitive and behavioural strategies to cope with everyday living and stressful situations.
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What is Cultural identity?
Belonging to a particular group. Identifying yourself as part of a particular culture or ethnicity.
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What are cultural factors?
- Customs
- language
- Values
- Norms
- beliefs
- Social behaviours
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what are natural disasters?
- Drought
- Flood
- Tsunami
- Earthquake
- Bushfire
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What is the ecological framework?
A conceptual model that shows how health is affect by a range of factors such as relationships, community and society.
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What is the process of enabling?
Helping someone to gain the skills and resources to achieve something. Increasing strength of people or groups to act on their own behalf.
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What is epidemiology?
Measures of health status such as life expectancy, incidence and prevalence of disease, mortality, morbidity.
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What is incidence of disease?
The number of new cases of a disease in a population.
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What is prevalence of disease?
The total number of cases of a disease in a population.
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What does reform mean?
Change to make it better. Improvements to a system.
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Give 3 examples of health care system reforms.
- Pharmaceutical benefit scheme
- Public screening and immunisation
- Private health insurance rebate
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Define health inequities.
Avoidable, unfair inequalities between groups.
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What is lobbying?
A form of advocacy that aims to change policy or legislation. Could include writing letter or producing petitions.
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What is Mediation?
Using a third party to resolve differences.
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What are the Millennium Development Goals
eight international goals for developing countries to improve health and development by 2015.
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What three MDG's are specifically aimed toward health?
- MDG 4 - Reduce child mortality
- MDG 5 - Improve maternal health
- MDG 6 - Combat HIV, malaria and other diseases
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What are norms?
- Unwritten rules that guide behaviour.
- Common beliefs, attitudes and values among a group.
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Define public health advocacy.
Overcoming major stuctural barriers to health (not individuals or small groups) such as laws, health systems.
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Define qualitative measures for health status.
Measures based on quality of living eg social determinants.
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Define quantitative measures for health status.
Measures using data and numbers eg life expectancy.
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What is social justice?
Protecting the rights of all people in a community or population. Making things equitable for all people (not necessarily equal).
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What is a social network?
A set of links between individuals in a population. How information flows from one person to another.
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Define socioeconomic status
An economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family’s economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education, and occupation.
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How does socioeconomic status effect health?
low income and little education have shown to be strong predictors of a range of physical and mental health problems. This may be due to environmental conditions or a person's social predicament.
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What are the levels of Maslow's hierarchy?
- Basic / Physiological
- Safety
- Social
- Esteem
- Self Actualisation
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Why does Maslow say the levels should be achieved in order?
Because people are not motivated to move up the levels until they have the lower levels satisfied.
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