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mbelanger3122
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What is the fundamental goal of interest groups?
- Influence public policy
- Influence congress/government
- Change laws
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What is the fundamental goal of political parties in the political process?
- Elect people to office
- Gain control of gov
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How do interest groups support the goals of political parties?
- Organization and mobilization of the people
- Independent committees/527
- Media campaigns
- Monetary contributions/PAC donations
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What is policy making discretion?
- Gov't economic policy that is not automatic or built into the system
- Used to give other agencies with better judgement and knowledge in a topic
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Why does Congress give federal agencies policy making discretion in executing federal laws?
- Congreve lacks expertise/agencies have it
- Congress does not want to be blamed for bad policy
- Time consuming
- More efficient
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what are 3 agencies and their area of discretion?
- EPA=clean air and water
- FCC=TV, radio, satellite, phone
- Federal reserve board=monetary policy
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How can congress ensure legislative intent?
- Oversight
- budget/appropriations
- Hearings
- Change law
- Legislative veto
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What is reapportionment?
Relocations of the number of reps each state has in the house
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Why is reapportionment beneficial to the states?
- Increases or decreases the #I of seats a state has in the house/congress (not senate)
- More representatives=more state influence
- Increases or decreases electoral votes
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What is congressional redistricting?
Drawing/redrawing of house/congressional district lines
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What is the purpose for gerrymandering?
- Enhance part strength/weaken opposing strength
- protect incumbents/discourage challengers
- Increase minority reps/decrease minority representations
- Punish foes/reward friends
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What is cracking? Packing?
- Cracking- spreading out voters of a type among many districts to deny them a large voting block in any district
- Packing- concentrate as many voters of one type into a single electoral district to reduce influence on other districts
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How has the supreme court regulated redistricting?
- Apportionment (same population)
- Lines must be connected
- Can't dilute minority voting strength
- Must be compact
- Communities of interest must be protected
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What provisions of the BOR protect people who influence public policy?
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How can interest groups exert power over policy?
- Grassroots movement-mobilize the people
- Lobbying in gov't insitutions- contact with policy makers to persuade
- Litigation-use courts to gain policy preferences through cases
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What is an example of gov't regulations of interest groups?
- Registration of lobbyists
- limits on gifts
- Prohibits bribery
- Campaign finance laws
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What's a characteristic of the merit system?
Hiring based on qualifications
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How does structure contribute to beaureacratic independence?
- Large
- Precialized units
- Based on merit
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How does the complexity of public policy problems contribute to independence?
- Specialized units
- Delegated authority
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How can congress check the agencies?
- Appropriations
- legislation
- Impeach
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How can the courts check agencies?
- Judicial review
- Court ruling that limit bereaucrativ practices
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How do interest groups check agencies?
The first amendment
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How has selective incorporation limited the power of the states?
Prevents states from denying a citizen from the rights in the BOR
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How does the executive branch influence fiscal policy?
- Prez proposes/preparers the federal budget
- President signs/votes legislation
- Orb recommends budget
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How does the legislative branch influence fiscal policy?
- Passes federal budget
- Congress acts on spending/taxing legislation
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What does monetary policy do?
- Regulate $ supply
- Control inflation/deflation
- Adjust interest rates to regulate economy
- The cost of money
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Why is federal reserve board given independence?
- Removes politics from monetary policy decision making
- FRB relies on expertise when making decisions
- FRB makes economic policies efficiently
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What is the role of rules committees in legislation?
- Makes it easier or harder to pass a bill
- Make the process,more efficient
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How does congress exercise oversight of the fed bureaucracy?
- Funding
- Committee hearings
- Investigations
- New laws
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How does casework affects attention to legislation?
- Diverts time,resources,and staff thus reducing memebrs' ability to focus on legislation
- Develops awareness of problems, thus focusing more time/resources related to laws
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What did the voting rights act of 9165?
- Eliminated voter registration requirements: literacy tests, residency requirements
- Eliminating use of english only ballots that prevented non english speakers from voting
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Adv of congress over the prez?
- Funding
- Impeachment
- Slow down prez decision making
- Laws must go through congress
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What are adv of the prez over congress?
- Exec privilege, order, agreement
- Commander in chief
- Bully pulpit
- The media
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what influences prez decision on who he appoints?
- Veting-narrowing down candidates
- There is a judiciary committee to recommend appointments
- What party controls the senate
- Tensorial courtesy for district courts
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What the does an interest group provide for the Bureaucracy? Bureaucracy to interest groups?
- SIG-B=congressional support via lobbying
- B-SIG=low regulations, special favors
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What the does an Bureaucracy provide for Congress? Congress to the Bureaucracy?
- B-C=policy choices and execution
- C-B=funding and political support
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What the does an interest group provide for Congress? Congress to interest groups?
- SIG-C=electoral support
- C-SIG=legislation and oversight
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What factors affect political appointment?
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What factors affect confirmation of appointments?
- Hearings from judiciary committee
- Party
- Scandal
- Filibuster
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How does the executive branch check court cases?
- Appointment
- Executive enforcement
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