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Cognition ch 5
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by studying the abnormal its possible to
gain insights into normal function
classical neuropsychology favors _____ _____ and cognitive neuropsychology favors ______ ____ _____
group studies; single case studies
in
neuropsychology
the performance of different patients is combined to yield a group average
group studies
in cognitive
neuropsychology
, the data from different patients are not combined
single case studies
non-invasive stimulation of the brain caused by a rapidly changing electrical current in a coil held over the scalp
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
disruption in the blood supply to the brain
stroke
over elastic region of artery that is prone to rupture
aneurysm
the basic logic behind the cognitive neuropsychological approach
a difficulty in one domain relative to an absence of difficulty in another domain can be used to infer the independence of these domains.
if the patient performs entirely normally on task b compared to a control group. also could be impaired on both tasks but significantly more on one
single dissociation
if two tasks share the same neural/cognitive resource but one task uses it more, then damage to this resource will affect one task more than the other
task-resource artefact
one task is performed worse than another because the task is performed sub-optimally (but not because some aspect of the task is compromised)
task demand artefact
an example of task demand artefact
a patient may have misunderstood the instructions or have adopted an unusual strategy for performing the task.
in general almost all neuropsychologic studies are aimed at
proving that two or more tasks have different cognitive/neural resources
two single dissociation that have a complementary profile of abilities
double dissociation
difficulties in spelling and writing
dysgraphia
a cluster of different symptoms that are believed to be related in some meaningful way
syndrome
carmazza's assumtions that underpinned almost all neuropsychological studies
1. the fractionation assumption
2.transparency assumtion
3. the universality assumption
the assumption is stated with reference to a lesion within a particular cognitive model and not to a lesion to a particular region of the brain
fractionation assumption
using observations of brain damaged individuals to inform theories of cognition
cognitive neuropsychology
Author:
brianklein
ID:
236225
Card Set:
Cognition ch 5
Updated:
2013-09-22 00:14:48
Tags:
cognition
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Description:
test 1
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