eye test part 2

• rolling inward of the lid margin
• contact between hair and cornea
• common in dogs less in cats

• Shar Pei
• Retriver
• Pointer
• Setters

• pups or young dogs
• breed, anatomic

• blepharospasm
• infection, injury
• corneal disease/changes

• physical exam findings
• spastic forms can be ruled out with topical anesthetics

• Hotz-Celsus procedure
• Char Pei may only require tacking sutures
• 2 roles of tissue and suture it when taken out back to normal

• surgical procedure requires general anesthesia
• procedure may need revision
• report any changes notes post operation like blepharospasm, haziness, redness,  and discharge
• may need to be repeated

• rolling outwar of the lower lid margin
• normal in some breeds like blood hounds and basset
• genetic, congenital, or due to injury to others

• conjunctivitis
• maybe corneal disease

physical exam findings

surgical-wedge resection

surgery, post operation

• both are inherited
• chronic disease can stimulate lash growth
• eyelash problems
• angles back and touch cornea

lashed growing form an abnormal area of the lid margin

• lashes originate from normal area but turn inwards contacting the cornea
• need split lamp

• some level of cornea disease
• minimal to severe
• keratitis/ulcers
• blepharospam and epiphora
• need high level of magnification like good direct scope or slit lamp

• electroepilation
• cryoepilatioon
• plucking
• surgery of lid
• *all surgical in nature*

• can recur but revisions lower recurrences
• report recurrence of signs
• trouble with meds

• varies in species
• dog benign- MGA meibomian gland donoma
• cats malignant-SCC, FSA
• clinical signs depends on type

• past surgery depends on type
• SX resection if less than 1/3 of lid margin
• radical excision/other procedures in malignancies

depends on what type they have

• trauma is number 1
• chemical burn from shampoo in eyes
• infection-bacteria, virus, fungus
• tear abnormals
• cilia abnormalities  and exposure

may or may not reveal obvious detects if it does its blepharospam and corneal edema-focci or diffused

• STT- shimmer tear test, make sure vet wants to do this causes has to be done first
• fluorescein stain
• slit lamp to get idea of depth

• atropine for pain relief
• antimicrobial
• additional, tear and surgery to protect from 2nd infection

• EMPHASINZE RECHECKS
• let them know of recurrence of symtoms or lack of reponse

light bulb/ tree branch looking stain

• spotted usually mean herpes
• causes discomfort

• corneal ulcer refractory to treatment
• can be breed related in boxers
• if this kind of ulcers should  heal after 7 days

• surgical "roughening" which is breaking back loose tissue to make it rough or grid
• non surgical-serum drops which is the serum from own blood put in eye

EMPHASIZE RECHECK MORE

deepest layer of cornea is all that's left

• bulges forward
• eyes close to rupture
• peculiar staining patters vs deep ulcers
• doughnut of stain

• urgent to emergency situation
• surgical grafts or other stabization

• EMPHASIZE RECHECK MORE
• severity should be emphasized

• physical or chemical entities like foreign bodies or direct trauma
• signs same for corneal ulcers
• additional test to verify like good magnification and staining

• based on the problem but can be medical management or surgical intervention
• repair for FB removal/keratectomy

• surgical risks and recheck
• importance of meds
• sutures/appearance if surgical sites

• mainly a problem in cats don't know why but can be herpes
• dark plaque on or in cornea-asymptomatic to significant irritation
• use stain to refute ulceration

• treatment based on symptoms that resolve with time
• keratectomy with additional supportive graft

dependent on treatment

inflammation of the cornea cause by injury and irritation from other disease, immune or allergic reaction, infection, or birth defects

• superficial, interstitial, deep
• ulcerative and non ulcerative
• punctate
• pigmentary

• based on suspected cause but can be thorough exam-mag, stain, STT
• cytology and C/S
• systemic testing like CBC, GHP, immune panel

• antimicrobials
• steroids
• others like tears, chemo, ect.

dependent on the disease process

• dry eye syndrome
• tear produced by several glands which is 75% from the gland of the third eyelid

reduction mainly from the aqueous portion but can be immune mediated, chemical/toxin, neurologic disease, infections, or tumors that caused this

drying of the cornea and blepharospasm, keratitis-pigmentary, thick purulent looking discharge

• its the most underdiagnosed eye disease but can do STT and staining
• some will get ulcers because of inflammation

• basic replacement of tears but cyclosporine topically which increases tear production 80-88% of the time and is FDA approved
• pilocarpine either topical or oral
• surgical procedures from the eye to corner of the eye

patience and good compliance with meds

• prolapse of the third lid gland
• rotate up
• reduce of tear production
• very rarely self reduce which is goes back down

• genetic/breed related
• cartilage change with release of anchor
• brachycephalics, beagles, American cocker

occasional inflammation and tumor or lymphoid hyperplasia

• best is surgical reduction
• worst is removal

patience, surgical intervention, and tears

• may be disease or just a symptom
• causes can be organisms, foreign matters- material aerosolized, allergic reaction, anatomical abnormalities, deeper eye disease

• scraping
• C/S
• systemic labs

• topical or systemic
• antimicrobials or anti-inflammatories
• correction of the anatomical or systemic defect

some problems chronic (herpes), not zoonotic

• -obstructed NL system
• lack of a puncta
• acquired obstruction (dacorocystitis, FB)
• -excessive tearing sometimes no tear duct or inflammation in tear duct can be painful which is caused by lid disease (entr, distichia, trichiasis, inflammation) or third eye lid condition (prolapse, injury) or conjunctivitis or keratitis

• flushing of the NL system
• c/s
• rarely rads of nasal passage

• topical antimicrobials and aniinflammatories
• surgical creation of a puncta

surgical risks, recurrence of signs