Biology 3 Microbiology

Virus in lysogenic cycle. no symptoms may be present in host. AKA provirus or prophage in bacteria

Archaea a mix between bacteria and eukaryotes.  Typically live in extreme enviornments

• 1: Carbon Source
• 2: Energry Source
• 3: Electrons (typically in the form of hydrogen)

inorganic or organic

• 1: Light/photons
• 2: oxidation of organic or inorganic matter

Can be organic (sugar) or inorganic (N2--> ammonia)

DNA/RNA/Protein complex in prokaryotes

• Hypertonic: inside has more particles than outside
• Iso: equal in and out
• Hypo: Inside has less than out.

Always compares inside to surrounding

• 1: Eukaryotic Heteroptrophs - food intake absorption not ingestion - Saprophytic (live off dead organic matter)
• 2: live mostly in haploid state
• 3: reproduce sexually or asexually

• Septa: Cell wall found in most fungi
• Chitin: polysaccharide which composes septa
• Hyphae: multiply branched thread-like structures which are the living units of fungus
• Mycelium: large tangles mass of hyphae

• Alternate between haploid and diploid like most organisms, but haploid stage is predominant.  
• Hyphae are haploid.  
• If hyphae form reproductive structures termed sporangiophores, haploid spores are released which can form new mycelia in asexual reproduction.
• Some fungus such as yeast undergo budding or cell fission

• two hyphea from two mycelia with different mating types (+/-) touch to form a conjugation bridge. 
• The tip of each hyphae forms a septum and cells in the area become gametes.
• The gamete nuclei fuse and produce a diploid zygote which seperates from the parent.  
• Zygote fate: dormacy, until proper environmental conditions occur and the zygote undergoes meiosis to form haploid cells which grow.

• Asexual is more common during good conditions,
• Sexual reproduction occurs during bad conditions because bad conditions for the parent may not be bad for a genetically different offspring.