-
Three basic types of hormones and where the hormone binds a cell
- 1: Peptide - surface to activate 2nd messenger
- 2: Steroid - diffuse through membran. act in nucleus
- 3: Tyrosine derivative - split... thyroid diffuse to nucleus, catecholamines have membrane bound receptors
-
How to remember which hormones are steroids, peptides, or tyrosine derivatives
- 1: The adrenal cortex, gonads, and placenta make STEROIDS
- 2: Tyrosines: are from the thyroid and adrenal medula which are termed catecholamines
- 3: Peptides are most others.
-
Steroid hormones I must know! + What stuctures they are associated with
Adrenal Cortex: glucocorticoids, mineral coticoids which are cortisol and aldosterone
Gonads: Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone
-
Tyrosine Derivatives hormones I must know! + What stuctures they are associated with
- Thyroid homones: T3 and T4
- Adrenal Medulla: Catecholamines - Epinephrine, norepinephrin
-
Anterior Pituitary Hormones and function
-
Posterior Pituitary Hormones and function
-
Adrenal Cortex Hormones and function
-
Adrenal Medulla Hormones and function
-
Thyroid Hormones and function
-
Parathyroid Hormones and function
-
Pancrease Hormones and function
-
Ovaries Hormones and function
-
Testes Hormones and function
-
Placenta Hormones and function
-
region of sperm production and associated hormones and function
- Seminiferous tubules
- FSH: stimulates "caretake cells" for spermatacytes
- LH: stimulates testosterone release
-
Define: Androgen
sex hormone
-
Seminal fluid is composed of fluid from which structures?
Seminal Vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands/Cowper's glands
-
Describe oogenesis
 - Zona pellucida = viscous fluid
-
Describe hormone regulation of menstrual cycle
 - 1: In the presence of FSH in the blood, LH stimulates estradiol (type of estrogen) release which prepares uterine wall for pregnancy.
- 2: Estradiol inhibits LH secretion, but just before ovulation, estradiol levels rise drastically which causes large LH increase termed Luteal Surge.
- 3: Luteal surge causes follicle to burst
-
Fertilization and Embryology
- 1: Fertilization - occurs in fallopian tube
- 2: Cleavage - occurs while zygote is in fallopian tube, mitosis occurs. Once 8 or more cells exist, the zygote is called a morulla. All cells are totipotent
- 3: division continues and forms a hollow ball filled with fluid called the Blastocyst
- 4: Implantation of blastocyst in uterine wall occurs 5-7 days
- 5: implantation causes HCG to be released to prevent corpus luteum degeneration and to maintain estrogen and progesterone levels (HCG in blood = first sign of pregnancy)
- 6: PLacenta forms.
- 7: gastrula forms and gastrulation occurs during 2nd week.
- 8: primary germ layers form.
- 9: 3rd week, gastrula forms neurula in a process called neurulation. This is when the notochord forms.
-
What tissues do the three germ layers form?
- Endoderm: lining of digestive tract, liver, pancrease
- MEsoderm: tissue between inner and outer layers. muscle, bone, ...
- Ectoderm: outer covering of body. nails, skin, tooth enamel, and most of nervous system and sensory organs
|
|